Fate and movement of atrazine, cyanazine, metolachlor and selected degradation products in water resources of the deep Loess Hills of Southwestern Iowa, USA.
Fate and movement of atrazine, cyanazine, metolachlor and selected degradation products in water resources of the deep Loess Hills of Southwestern Iowa, USA.
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美国爱荷华州西南部黄土山深处水资源中莠去津、氰嗪、异丙甲草胺和选定降解产物的归宿和运动。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Scoggin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. R. Steinheimer;K. Scoggin
在爱荷华州西南部的黄土土壤中，对广泛用于玉米杂草控制的除草剂的环境归宿和迁移进行了评估。从20世纪80年代初开始，以除草剂为基础的杂草控制计划强调使用阿特拉津（ATR）或氰草津（CYN）和异丙甲草胺（MET）来控制阔叶和禾本科杂草。在1992年和1995年之间，ATR，去乙基阿特拉津（DEA），去异丙基阿特拉津（DIA），CYN和MET的浓度进行了测量，在雨水，浅，深包气带水，和井水。结果表明，除草剂的检测频率和出现的范围和分布取决于景观位置和时间输入的补给水从降雨。一般来说，DIA观察到更频繁和更高的平均浓度在井水比DEA，而DEA观察到更频繁地比DIA在包气带地下水。一个色谱类比，建议解释发生模式观察到的父母除草剂和降解产物内的不饱和区水。对在此期间收集的雨水样本进行的分析也显示ATR、CYN和MET的浓度较低，检测时间表明非本地迁移。结果表明，深黄土土壤进行水和农业化学品相对较快，因此代表了一个生产系统，这是容易受到污染的浅层地下水除草剂衍生的化学品。研究结果还说明了在水资源影响评估研究中纳入主要除草剂降解产物的重要性。
The environmental fate and movement of herbicides widely used for weed control in corn are assessed for a deep loess soil in southwestern Iowa. Beginning in the early 1980s, the herbicide-based weed control program emphasized the application of atrazine (ATR) or cyanazine (CYN) and metolachlor (MET) for both broadleaf and grass control. Between 1992 and 1995, concentrations of ATR, desethylatrazine (DEA), desisopropylatrazine (DIA), CYN and MET were measured in rainwater, both shallow and deep vadose zone water, and well water. Results show that the frequency of herbicide detections and the range and distribution of occurrences are dependent upon both landscape position and temporal inputs of recharge water from rainfall. Generally, DIA was observed more frequently and in higher mean concentration in well water than DEA, while DEA was observed more frequently than DIA in vadose zone groundwater. A chromatographic analogy is suggested to explain the occurrence patterns observed for both parent herbicide and degradation products within the unsaturated zone water. Analysis of rainwater samples collected during this time also revealed low concentrations of ATR, CYN and MET, with the timing of the detections indicative of non-local transport. Results show that the deep loess soil conducts both water and agricultural chemicals relatively rapidly and as such represents a production system which is vulnerable to contamination of shallow groundwater by herbicide-derived chemicals. Results also illustrate the importance of including major herbicide degradation products in water resource impact assessment studies.