Direct vs. indirect modulation of complex in vitro human retroviral infections by morphine.
Direct vs. indirect modulation of complex in vitro human retroviral infections by morphine.
复制标题
吗啡对复杂的体外人类逆转录病毒感染的直接与间接调节。
DOI：
10.1007/0-306-47611-8_6
复制
发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ugen,KE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nyland,SB;Specter,S;Ugen,KE
人类t细胞白血病病毒I型（HTLV-I）于1981年由Gallo首次发现。这种C型逆转录病毒被认为局限于明确界定的区域，主要通过长期接触（即母亲对婴儿、长期婚姻关系）或频繁接触大量受感染细胞而传播。最近没有大规模的流行病学研究显示HTLV-I感染在美国的发病率，然而，据估计，目前的感染率比以前认为的要高一些。美国HTLV-I感染的估计增加以及世界范围内确认的增加的一个重要贡献与注射吸毒者（IDU）有关1,2。这种感染途径更有效地被人类免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV-1）利用。两种逆转录病毒都靶向相同的CD4+淋巴细胞，但HTLV-I和HIV-1感染的结果相反。HIV-1对CD4+ T细胞群的毁灭性影响已被充分记录，并被认为是导致艾滋病发病的原因。相反，活动性HTLV-I感染的一个标志是CD4+ T细胞的不适当增殖，表现为HTLV-I相关脊髓病（TSP/HAM）或成人T细胞淋巴瘤（ATL）。与HTLV-I感染相关的其他疾病也依赖于不受控制的T细胞增殖。尽管感染的特征不同，但慢病毒（HIV-1）和肿瘤逆转录病毒（HTLV-I）产生某种类似的蛋白质，据报道，这些蛋白质在体外以互补的方式起作用。因此，在几项大规模流行病学研究中，研究人员调查了HIV-1和htlv -1在个体中重复感染可能会促进HIV-1感染进展的可能性。早期使用少量合并感染患者的病例研究表明，复杂逆转录病毒感染（HIV-1和htlv -1双重感染）的症状不同于简单的HIV-1感染。然而，更大规模的研究未能证明其持续降低
BACKGROUNDThe human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) was first characterized by Gallo in 1981 1. This type C oncoretrovirus was thought to be confined to well-delineated regions, passed primarily by long-term exposure (ie, mother to infant, long-term marital relationships) or by frequent exposure to large numbers of infected cells. No recent largescale epidemiological studies showing the incidence of HTLV-I infection in the United States are available, however, it is estimated that current infection rates are somewhat higher than previously believed. A significant contribution to the estimated increase in HTLV-I infection in the US, as well as to the confirmed increases worldwide, is associated with injecting drug users (IDU) 1, 2. This route of infection is more efficiently exploited by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Both retroviruses target the same CD4+ lymphocytes, however an opposite set of outcomes is observed with HTLV-I versus HIV-1 infection. The decimating influence of HIV-1 on CD4+ T cell populations has been well documented and is thought to be responsible for the onset of AIDS. In contrast, a hallmark of active HTLV-I infection is the inappropriate proliferation of CD4+ T cells, expressed as HLTV-I associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM) or as adult T cell lymphoma (ATL). Additional disorders related to HTLV-I infection are also dependent upon uncontrolled T cell proliferation.Although the characteristics of infection are different, the lentivirus (HIV-1) and the oncoretrovirus (HTLV-I) produce somewhat analogous proteins that have been reported to act in a complementary fashion in vitro. Thus, the possibility that superinfection with HIV-1 and HTLV-I in an individual might enhance the progression of HIV-1 infection was investigated during several large-scale epidemiological studies. Earlier case studies using small numbers of coinfected patients suggested that symptoms of complex retroviral infections (dual infection with HIV-1 and HTLV-I) were different from simple HIV-1 infection. However, the larger studies failed to demonstrate a consistent reduction in the