Antiparasitic efficacy and safety assessment of magnolol against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in goldfish
Antiparasitic efficacy and safety assessment of magnolol against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in goldfish
复制标题
厚朴酚对金鱼多子鱼霉的抗寄生虫功效及安全性评价
DOI：
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.12.002
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发表时间：
2018-02-03
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Ling, Fei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Song, Chenguang;Song, Kaige;Ling, Fei
多丝小瓜虫对淡水鱼的致死率很高。由于孔雀石绿色被禁止使用，因此有必要找到既负担得起又环境可接受的有效替代品。厚朴酚对I.多丝的厚朴酚浓度在0.6mg/L以上时，对白腹潜蝇的致死率为100%。multifiliis theronts在4 h内暴露，并终止了I.多丝状体暴露于0.8和1.0 mg/L的原胞体和被囊胞体6 h后，此外，部分绒毛峰出现形态特征变化，大部分绒毛峰不能繁殖。厚朴酚可能直接作用于细胞膜，更重要的是，它可以透过囊壁进入被囊的毛突，进而影响毛突的增殖。体内试验表明，1.5mg/L的厚朴酚暴露于感染鱼5 h，显著减少了从绒毛释放的theronts的数量。除了测定抗小瓜虫活性外，我们还系统地评价了厚朴酚对鱼类的安全性。急性毒性试验结果表明，厚朴酚对金鱼的96 h半致死浓度（LC_（50））为6.02 mg/L。此外，厚朴酚暴露6-24 h后，金鱼肝、脾、肾组织中cyp 1a、hsp 70、gst和sod基因表达及GSH、SOD和T-AOC酶活性均恢复至对照组水平。此外，厚朴酚的化学结构简单、对称，易于合成，成本低，并可进一步修饰和改性，使其具有更高的生物活性和更低的毒性。因此，厚朴酚是一种安全、有效的治疗剂，也是开发防治水产养殖小瓜虫病商品化药物的先导化合物。
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis causes high mortality rate of freshwater fish. It is necessary to find the effective alternatives that may both be affordable and environmentally acceptable since malachite green is banned to use. In this work, magnolol exhibited great anti-parasitic activity against all stages of I. multifiliis. Magnolol at concentrations of 0.6 mg/L or more resulted in 100% mortality of I. multifiliis theronts within 4 h exposure; and terminated reproduction of I. multifiliis post 6 h exposure of protomonts and encysted tomonts to 0.8 and 1.0 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, some of tomonts presented morphological characteristic changes and a larger part of tomonts were unable to reproduce. Magnolol possibly had a directly effect on the cell membrane, and more importantly, it could permeate into an encysted tomont across the cyst wall and then impact on the tomont proliferation. In vivo trials showed that 5 h exposure of infected fish to 1.5 mg/L of magnolol significantly reduced the number of theronts released from tomonts. In addition to determination of anti-Ichthyophthirius activity, we also systematically evaluated the safety of magnolol against fish. First of all, the results of acute toxicity experiment showed that the 96 h median lethal concentration (LC50) of magnolol to goldfish was 6.02 mg/L. Furthermore, gene expression (cyp1a, hsp70, gst and sod) and enzyme activity (GSH, SOD and T-AOC) in liver, spleen and kidney could recover to the same level as the control group up to 48 h, though magnolol induced goldfish stress response during 6-24 h exposure. More than that, magnolol can be easily synthesized with low cost, and further embellished and modified for higher bioactivity and lower toxicity because of its simple and symmetry chemical structure. Therefore, magnolol has the potential to be a safe and effective therapeutant, and it also can be used as a probable leading compound for the development of commercial drug to control ichthyophthiriasis in aquaculture.