Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment in the vicinity of the abandoned Songcheon Au-Ag mine in Korea
Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment in the vicinity of the abandoned Songcheon Au-Ag mine in Korea
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gexplo.2007.04.008
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发表时间：
2008-02-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Sager, Manfred
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lim, Hye-Sook;Lee, Jin-Soo;Sager, Manfred
本研究的目的是，首先，调查As和重金属的污染水平和分布模式，其次，估计土壤和作物中的金属的生物可及性分数，最后，评估在废弃的松川金银矿，韩国附近的住宅的健康影响的风险。在矿区周围采集了尾矿、土壤、农作物和水的样品。经过适当的准备，所有的样品进行了分析，砷，镉，铜，铅和锌的电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法。砷和重金属的水平升高被发现在尾矿。农业土壤中砷的平均浓度高于允许水平。特别是农田土壤中As和Hg的最高含量分别高达626 mg/kg和4.9 mg/kg。作物中砷和铅的最高含量分别为：绿色洋葱根33 mg/kg和3.8 mg/kg，莴苣根0.87 mg/kg和226 mg/kg，芝麻叶16.3 mg/kg。叶片中重金属含量远高于籽粒和茎秆。在污染土壤上生长的蔬菜富含砷和重金属。在矿区周围用作饮用水的大部分溪流沃茨中，砷、镉和锌的浓度均高于韩国规定的允许水平。沃茨中As、Cd和Zn的最高含量分别为0.71 mg/L、0.19 mg/L和5.4 mg/L。这些结果表明，尾矿可能是矿区土壤-水系统中As和重金属的主要污染源。在模拟胃和模拟小肠中，人类生物可利用态分别为As 3%、Cd 40%、Cu 15%、Pb 31%和Zn 21%，As 12%、Cd 2.2%、Cu 5.6%、Pb 0.5%和Zn 1.2%。农田土壤中重金属的人体生物可利用率最高值为Cd的85%。在模拟胃中Cd的人体生物可利用率为97%，在模拟小肠中Pb的人体生物可利用率为51%。在大白菜（胃）和马铃薯叶（小肠）中发现了最高的人类生物可利用级分。在模拟胃和模拟小肠中，植物中的平均人体生物可利用态分别为As 47%，Cd 70%，Cu 62%，Pb 0%，Zn 62%; As 22%，Cd 7%，Cu 27%，Pb 9%，Zn 23%。矿区的HQ（危害商数）值为16，特别是仅As的HI（危害指数）值为15。矿区的致癌风险为2.7E-03。该值意味着每1000人中约有3名癌症患者发生的可能性。致癌风险超出E-04至E-06的普遍接受范围。(c)2007 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
The objective of this study is, firstly, to investigate the contamination levels and dispersion patterns of As and heavy metals, secondly, to estimate the bioaccessible fraction of the metals in soil and crop plant and, finally, to assess the risk of health effects on the residence in the vicinity of the abandoned Songcheon Au-Ag mine, Korea. Samples of tailing, soil, crop plant and water were collected around the mine site. After appropriate preparation, all samples were analyzed for As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Elevated levels of As and heavy metals were found in tailing. Mean concentrations of As in agricultural soil were higher than the permissible level. Especially, maximum levels of As and Hg in farmland soil were up to 626 mg/kg and 4.9 mglkg, respectively. The highest levels in crop plant were 33 mg As/kg and 3.8 mg Pb/kg (in green onion root), 0.87 mg Cd/kg and 226 mg Zn/kg (in lettuce root), 16.3 mg Cu/kg (in sesame leaves). The concentration of heavy metals in leaves is much higher than those in grains and stalk. Vegetables grown on the contaminated soil were rich in As and heavy metals. Concentrations of As, Cd, and Zn in most stream waters which are used for drinking water around the mine area were higher than the permissible levels regulated in Korea. Maximum levels of As, Cd and Zn in stream waters were 0.71 mg/L, 0.19 mg/L and 5.4 mg/L, respectively. These results indicate that mine tailings can be the main contamination sources of As and heavy metals in the soil-water system of the mine site. The average of estimated human-bioaccessible fraction in soil in simulated stomach was 3% As, 40% Cd, 15% Cu, 31% Pb and 21% Zn, and that in simulated small intestine 12% As, 2.2% Cd, 5.6% Cu, 0.5% Pb and 1.2% Zn. The highest value of human-bioaccessible fraction of metal in farmland soil was 85% for Cd. The estimated human-bioaccessible fraction of plant was up to 97% for Cd in simulated stomach, and to 51% for Pb in simulated small intestine. The highest human-bioaccessible fractions were found in Chinese cabbage (in stomach) and potato leaves (in small intestine). The average human-bioaccessible fraction in plants were 47% As, 70% Cd, 62% Cu, 0% Pb and 62% Zn in simulated stomach and 22% As, 7% Cd, 27% Cu, 9% Pb and 23% Zn in simulated small intestine. The HQ (hazard quotient) value of the mine site was 16, and especially, the HI (hazard index) value of only As was 15. The carcinogenic risk of the mine site was 2.7E-03. This value means the probable possibility that about 3 cancer patients among 1000 people happen. Carcinogenic risk exceeded in the generally accepted range of E-04 to E-06. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.