Soil erosion risk in Korean watersheds, assessed using the revised universal soil loss equation
Soil erosion risk in Korean watersheds, assessed using the revised universal soil loss equation
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.01.004
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发表时间：
2011-03
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Soyoung Park;C. Oh;S. Jeon;H. Jung;Chuluong Choi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Soyoung Park;C. Oh;S. Jeon;H. Jung;Chuluong Choi
土壤侵蚀降低了作物生产力和蓄水能力，并直接或间接地造成水污染。土壤流失已经成为一个世界性的问题，随着人们对环境问题的日益关注，关于土壤侵蚀和土壤保持政策的积极研究已经开始。这项研究分析了韩国近20年来的土壤流失量，并使用修正的通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)估计了2020年的未来土壤流失量。以数字高程(DEM)数据、土壤详图和土地覆盖图为主要数据，应用地理信息系统(GIS)和遥感(RS)技术，基于RUSLE因子生成专题图。利用频率比(FR)、层次分析(AHP)和Logistic回归(LR)方法，结合韩国已经建立的环境保护价值评估图(ECVAM)，开发了2020年的土地适宜性指数(LSI)图。假设城市增长趋势相似，10年、50年和100年降雨频率相同，通过分析覆盖管理因子和降雨径流侵蚀力因子的变化，预测2020年的土壤流失。土壤流失量从1985年的17.1 mg/hm2增加到1995年的17.4 mg/hm2,2005年增加到20.0 mg/hm2，与1985年相比增加了2.8 mg/hm2(16.6%)，这主要归因于草地和裸地面积的增加。2020年，考虑ECVAM的估算土壤流失量，10年降雨频率为19.2-19.3 mg/ha，50年降雨频率为36.4-36.6 mg/ha，100年降雨频率为45.7-46.0 mg/ha。在不考虑ECVAM的情况下，土壤流失量比考虑ECVAM的估计值高出约0.4-1.6 mg/ha；具体地说，10年降雨频率的数值为19.6-19.9 mg/ha，50年频率的数值为37.1-37.8 mg/ha，100年频率的数值为46.7-47.5 mg/ha。2010年，在不考虑ECVAM的情况下，土壤流失量比考虑ECVAM时的估计多0.3-1.8毫克/公顷。这些结果表明，如果按照环境和法律的定义，城市地区被开发成破坏高价值地区，那么土壤流失量将增加，而如果这些地区得到保护，侵蚀将略有减少。因此，在规划城市发展时，应考虑保护的环境和立法价值，以最大限度地减少侵蚀，并允许更可持续的发展。
Soil erosion reduces crop productivity and water storage capacity, and, both directly and indirectly, causes water pollution. Loss of soil has become a problem worldwide, and as concerns about the environment grow, active research has begun regarding soil erosion and soil-preservation policies. This study analyzed the amount of soil loss in South Korea over a recent 20-year period and estimated future soil loss in 2020 using the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE). Digital elevation (DEM) data, detailed soil maps, and land cover maps were used as primary data, and geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) techniques were applied to produce thematic maps, based on RUSLE factors. Using the frequency ratio (FR), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and logistic regression (LR) approaches, land suitability index (LSI) maps were developed for 2020, considering the already established Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) for Korea. Assuming a similar urban growth trend and 10-, 50-, and 100-year rainfall frequencies, soil loss in 2020 was predicted by analyzing changes in the cover-management factor and rainfall–runoff erosivity factor. In the period 1985–2005, soil loss showed an increasing trend, from 17.1Mg/ha in 1985 to 17.4Mg/ha in 1995, and to 20.0Mg/ha in 2005; the 2005 value represents a 2.8Mg/ha (16.6%) increase, compared with 1985 and is attributable to the increased area of grassland and bare land. In 2020, the estimated soil loss, considering the ECVAM, was 19.2–19.3Mg/ha for the 10-year rainfall frequency, 36.4–36.6Mg/ha for the 50-year rainfall frequency, and 45.7–46.0Mg/ha for the 100-year rainfall frequency. Without considering the ECVAM, the amount of soil loss was about 0.4–1.6Mg/ha larger than estimates that did consider the ECVAM; specifically, the values were 19.6–19.9Mg/ha for the 10-year rainfall frequency, 37.1–37.8Mg/ha for the 50-year frequency, and 46.7–47.5Mg/ha for the 100-year frequency. In 2010, without considering the ECVAM, the soil loss was 0.3–1.8Mg/ha more than that estimated when considering the ECVAM. These results indicate that if urban areas are developed such that they damage areas of high value, as defined environmentally and legislatively, the amount of soil loss will increase, whereas if such areas are preserved, erosion will decrease slightly. Thus, when planning urban development, the environmental and legislative value of preservation should be considered to minimize erosion and allow for more sustainable development.