The Role of Dopamine in Value-Based Attentional Orienting.
The Role of Dopamine in Value-Based Attentional Orienting.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.062
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发表时间：
2016-02-22
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yantis S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anderson BA;Kuwabara H;Wong DF;Gean EG;Rahmim A;Brašić JR;George N;Frolov B;Courtney SM;Yantis S
奖励学习会引起强烈的注意力偏差。先前与奖励相关的刺激会自动捕获视觉注意力，而不管意图如何[1-12]。腹侧纹状体内的多巴胺信号传导在奖励学习中起着重要作用，代表了由线索引发的预期奖励[13，14]。多巴胺和纹状体如何参与维持由奖励学习塑造的行为，即使在奖励预期改变之后，也不太清楚[15]。大脑活动的非特异性措施涉及纹状体的价值为基础的注意[11，12，16-18]。然而，学习奖励线索的注意优先性背后的神经化学机制仍然没有被探索。在这里，我们研究了多巴胺的贡献价值为基础的注意力，使用正电子发射断层扫描（PET）与[11 C]雷氯必利。我们发现，在明确的奖励的情况下，注意力捕获的幅度以前的奖励相关，但目前的任务无关的干扰是相关的个体与可用的D2/D3多巴胺受体的变化（可能是由于突触内多巴胺）与右尾状核和后壳核内的干扰处理。我们的研究结果提供了直接证据，将纹状体内的多巴胺信号与注意力的无意识定向联系起来，特别是与学习奖励线索的吸引注意力的质量联系起来。这些发现也揭示了个体对价值驱动的注意力捕获的易感性的神经化学基础，这是已知的在成瘾中发挥作用[19-21]。更广泛地说，本研究强调了使用PET将神经递质释放的变化与健康成人的学习依赖性变化联系起来的价值和可行性。
Reward learning gives rise to strong attentional biases. Stimuli previously associated with reward automatically capture visual attention regardless of intention [1–12]. Dopamine signaling within the ventral striatum plays an important role in reward learning, representing the expected reward initiated by a cue [13, 14]. How dopamine and the striatum may be involved in maintaining behaviors that have been shaped by reward learning, even after reward expectancies have changed, is less well understood [15]. Nonspecific measures of brain activity have implicated the striatum in value-based attention [11, 12, 16–18]. However, the neurochemical mechanisms underlying the attentional priority of learned reward cues remain unexplored. Here, we investigated the contribution of dopamine to value-based attention using positron emission tomography (PET) with [11C]raclopride. We show that, in the explicit absence of reward, the magnitude of attentional capture by previously reward-associated but currently task-irrelevant distractors is correlated across individuals with changes in available D2/D3dopamine receptors (presumably due to intrasynaptic dopamine) linked to distractor processing within the right caudate and posterior putamen. Our findings provide direct evidence linking dopamine signaling within the striatum to the involuntary orienting of attention, and specifically to the attention-grabbing quality of learned reward cues. These findings also shed light on the neurochemical basis of individual susceptibility to value-driven attentional capture, which is known to play a role in addiction [19–21]. More broadly, the present study highlights the value and feasibility of using PET to relate changes in the release of a neurotransmitter to learning-dependent changes in healthy adults.