Causes and Consequences of Metallic Bridge Failures
Causes and Consequences of Metallic Bridge Failures
复制标题
金属桥梁失效的原因和后果
DOI：
10.2749/101686612x13216060213437
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
M. Chryssanthopoulos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Imam;M. Chryssanthopoulos
摘要在基于风险的框架内对桥梁进行鲁棒性评估，需要估计不同危害发生的概率，然后评估桥梁在这些危害下的脆弱性，以及量化潜在故障的后果。本文的第一部分涉及过去的金属桥梁故障的统计分析，可以帮助确定影响桥梁及其相关的脆弱性的主要危险。结果表明，自然灾害，设计错误和有限的知识是最常见的金属桥梁倒塌的原因，其次是事故和人为错误方面的设计以外。按时间顺序分析，数据显示，由于知识有限造成的倒塌呈减少趋势，事故和自然灾害造成的故障呈增加趋势。本文继续提出了一个分类程序，通过该程序可以估计潜在的桥梁故障所产生的后果。考虑到空间和时间域的相关模型，量化其幅度突出显示。最后，通过案例研究，概述了模型的预测能力。
Abstract Robustness evaluation of bridges within a risk-based framework requires estimation of the probability of occurrence of different hazards followed by an assessment of the vulnerability of the bridge with respect to those hazards, as well as quantification of the consequences of potential failure. The first part of the paper deals with a statistical analysis of past metallic bridge failures which can help in identifying the principal hazards affecting bridges and their associated vulnerability. The results show that natural hazards, design errors and limited knowledge are amongst the most commonly encountered causes of collapse in metallic bridges, followed by accidents and human error aspects other than in design. When analysed chronologically, the data demonstrates a decreasing trend for collapses attributed to limited knowledge and an increasing trend in failures resulting from accidents and natural hazards. The paper continues by presenting a categorisation procedure through which consequences arising from potential bridge failures can be estimated. Associated models for quantifying their magnitude considering both spatial and temporal domains are highlighted. Finally, the predictive capability of the models is outlined through a case study.