Individual and geographic variation of skin alkaloids in three species of madagascan poison frogs (Mantella)
Individual and geographic variation of skin alkaloids in three species of madagascan poison frogs (Mantella)
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DOI：
10.1007/s10886-007-9396-9
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发表时间：
2008-02-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Vences, Miguel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Daly, John W.;Garraffo, H. Martin;Vences, Miguel
81个个体的生物碱谱，Mantella baroni（Boulenger 1988）（N=19），M. bernhardi（N=51）和M. madagascariensis（Grandidier 1877）（N=11），来自马达加斯加岛的6个不同种群。生物碱组成（数量，类型和数量）的显着个体差异，观察不同物种之间和种群之间的同一物种。这三个物种的每一个间断种群的生物碱组成有显着差异。M. baroni和M.马达加斯加在生物碱组成上也有显著差异。In M. bernhardi，生物碱成分的差异与不同性别略有相关。在对这三个物种的个体进行分析时，共检测到111种生物碱，包括异构体。大多数（47%）似乎可能是从饮食螨，而其他许多（18%）被认为是从蚂蚁，和一些（4%）是从千足虫。其余生物碱的假定饮食来源通常是未知的，但甲虫可能是至少一些三环生物碱（6%）的来源。此外，从另外五个种群的M. baroni和M. bernhardi（Vences et al.1994）和M. cowanii（Boulenger 1882）。在合并的样品中检测到另外50种生物碱，包括异构体，使从这四种mantellid青蛙中鉴定出的生物碱总数达到161种。生物碱组合物在mantellid毒蛙是多样的，高度依赖于地理位置，似乎在很大程度上是由含生物碱的猎物项目的性质和可用性。
Alkaloid profiles for 81 individual mantellid frogs, Mantella baroni (Boulenger 1988) (N=19), M. bernhardi (N=51), and M. madagascariensis (Grandidier 1877) (N=11), from six different populations from Madagascar were examined. Marked individual differences in alkaloid composition (number, type, and amount) were observed between different species and between populations of the same species. Disjunct populations of each of the three species differed significantly in alkaloid composition. Sympatric populations of M. baroni and M. madagascariensis also differed significantly in alkaloid composition. In M. bernhardi, differences in alkaloid composition were marginally associated with different sexes. A total of 111 alkaloids, including isomers, were detected in analysis of the individuals from the three species. The majority (47%) appear likely to be obtained from dietary mites, whereas many of the others (18%) are presumed to be from ants, and a few (4%) are from millipedes. Putative dietary sources for the remaining alkaloids are generally unknown, but beetles are probably the source of at least some of the tricyclic alkaloids (6%). In addition, alkaloid compositions from extracts of groups of individuals from five additional populations of M. baroni and from one population of M. bernhardi (Vences et al. 1994) and one population of M. cowanii (Boulenger 1882) were examined. An additional 50 alkaloids, including isomers, were detected in the combined samples, bringing the total number of alkaloids identified from these four species of mantellid frogs to 161. Alkaloid compositions in mantellid poison frogs are diverse and highly dependent on geographic location that appear to be largely determined by the nature and availability of alkaloid-containing prey items.