Addressing long-standing controversies in conceptual knowledge representation in the temporal pole: A cross-modal paradigm.
Addressing long-standing controversies in conceptual knowledge representation in the temporal pole: A cross-modal paradigm.
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DOI：
10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2017.14.hvei-155
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Likova, Lora T
中科院分区：
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作者：
Likova, Lora T
概念知识使我们能够理解冲击我们感官的多感官刺激。它在前颞叶的代表性是一个相当大的争论的主题，其中“神秘的”颞极（TP）是争论的中心。TP中知识表征的组织模式存在争议，从单边表征系统到完全统一的双边表征系统。为了解决众多的相互排斥的选项，我们开发了一种新的跨模态的方法，在盲人的多因素脑成像研究，操纵模态（口头与图片）的接收源（阅读文本/口头与图像/图片）和表达（书写文本/口头与绘画/图片）的概念知识。此外，我们还改变了熟悉程度。本研究首次探讨了盲人概念知识（非模态）在TP中的功能组织，也是首次基于盲文阅读句子记忆的概念知识进行绘画研究。通过这种范式，我们能够在功能上识别颞极的两个新的细分--尖端的TPa和背内侧的TPdm。他们的反应特征揭示了一个复杂的相互作用的非视觉专业化的颞极内，兴奋性/抑制性反转的多样性作为一个功能的半球，任务域和熟悉性，激发了扩展的神经认知分析的概念知识。在这里发现的大脑半球间的专业化的相互作用的各种看似相互冲突的模型在以前的研究中的概念知识表示，调和他们通过一组因素，我们已经调查：两个主要的知识领域（口头和图片/感觉运动）和两个主要的知识处理模式（接受和表达），包括作为修饰语的熟悉程度。此外，这些因素的相互作用也使我们首次揭示了TP组织中的互补对称性、不对称性和意想不到的反对称性。因此，这些结果构成了一个统一的解释冲突的模型在以前的研究概念知识表示。
Conceptual knowledge allows us to comprehend the multisensory stimulation impinging on our senses. Its representation in the anterior temporal lobe is a subject of considerable debate, with the "enigmatic" temporal pole (TP) being at the center of that debate. The controversial models of the organization of knowledge representation in TP range from unilateral to fully unified bilateral representational systems. To address the multitude of mutually exclusive options, we developed a novel cross-modal approach in a multifactorial brain imaging study of the blind, manipulating the modality (verbal vs pictorial) of both the reception source (reading text/verbal vs images/pictorial) and the expression (writing text/verbal vs drawing/pictorial) of conceptual knowledge. Furthermore, we also varied the level of familiarity. This study is the first to investigate the functional organization of (amodal) conceptual knowledge in TP in the blind, as well as, the first study of drawing based on the conceptual knowledge from memory of sentences delivered through Braille reading. Through this paradigm, we were able to functionally identify two novel subdivisions of the temporal pole - the TPa, at the apex, and the TPdm - dorso-medially. Their response characteristics revealed a complex interplay of non-visual specializations within the temporal pole, with a diversity of excitatory/inhibitory inversions as a function of hemisphere, task-domain and familiarity, which motivate an expanded neurocognitive analysis of conceptual knowledge. The interplay of inter-hemispheric specializations found here accounts for the variety of seemingly conflicting models in previous research for conceptual knowledge representation, reconciling them through the set of factors we have investigated: the two main knowledge domains (verbal and pictorial/sensory-motor) and the two main knowledge processing modes (receptive and expressive), including the level of familiarity as a modifier. Furthermore, the interplay of these factors allowed us to also reveal for the first time a system of complementary symmetries, asymmetries and unexpected anti-symmetries in the TP organization. Thus, taken together these results constitute a unifying explanation of the conflicting models in previous research on conceptual knowledge representation.