Antimicrobial peptide defenses of the Tarahumara frog, Rana tarahumarae
Antimicrobial peptide defenses of the Tarahumara frog, Rana tarahumarae
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DOI：
10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02217-9
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发表时间：
2002-09-20
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Conlon, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rollins-Smith, LA;Reinert, LK;Conlon, JM
塔拉乌马拉蛙（Rana tarahumarae）的数量近年来在其分布区的北方显著减少。壶菌属真菌Batrachochytrium dendrobatim的感染与这些下降有关。为了确定皮肤中的抗微生物肽是否提供针对该病原体的保护，测试去甲肾上腺素刺激的皮肤分泌物抑制B生长的能力。石斛离体培养浓缩后，皮肤肽的粗混合物以浓度依赖性方式抑制壶菌的生长。蛋白质组学分析导致三个肽属于brevinin-1家族的抗菌肽和三个属于ranatuerin-2家族的鉴定和表征。两种最丰富的肽，ranatuerin-2 TRa（GIMDSIKGAAKEIAGHLLDNLKCKITGC）和. brevinin-1 TR α（FLPVIAGIAANVLPKLFCKLTKRC）对B有活性。Dendrobaxin（针对游动孢子，Ranatuerin-2 TRa的MIC为50 μ M，Brevinin-1 TRa的MIC为12.5 μ M）。这些数据清楚地表明，塔拉乌马拉蛙皮肤分泌物中的抗微生物肽对B有活性。应该能提供一些抵抗感染的保护。因此，在野外观察到的这些青蛙对这种病原体的易感性可能是由于其他环境因素的影响，这些因素损害了这种先天防御机制，导致观察到的种群下降。(C)2002 Elsevier Science（美国）。All rights reserved.
Populations of the Tarahumara frog Rana tarahumarae have decreased markedly in recent years in the northern part of their range. Infection by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis has been implicated in these declines. To determine whether antimicrobial peptides in the skin provide protection against this pathogen, norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions were tested for their ability to inhibit growth of B. dendrobatidis in vitro. After concentration, crude mixtures of skin peptides inhibited the growth of the chytrid in a concentration-dependent manner. Proteomic analysis led to the identification and characterization of three peptides belonging to the brevinin-1 family of antimicrobial peptides and three belonging to the ranatuerin-2 family. The two most abundant peptides, ranatuerin-2TRa (GIMDSIKGAAKEIAGHLLDNLKCKITGC) and. brevinin-1TRa (FLPVIAGIAANVLPKLFCKLTKRC), were active against B. dendrobatidis (MIC of 50 muM for ranatuerin-2TRa and 12.5 muM for brevinin-1TRa against zoospores). These data clearly show that antimicrobial peptides in the skin secretions of the Tarahumara frog are active against B. dendrobatidis and should provide some protection against infection. Therefore, the observed susceptibility of these frogs to this pathogen in the wild may be due to the effects of additional environmental factors that impair this innate defense mechanism, leading to the observed population declines. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.