Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems Designed to Improve Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapy.
Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems Designed to Improve Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapy.
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DOI：
10.3390/vaccines3030662
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发表时间：
2015-08-27
期刊：
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
Moon JJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fan Y;Moon JJ
最近的研究表明，教育和释放我们自己的免疫系统用于癌症治疗具有巨大的治疗潜力。然而，癌症免疫治疗仍然存在重大挑战，包括癌症疫苗的免疫原性较差，免疫治疗的非靶点副作用，以及过继T细胞转移治疗的次优结果。具有明确物理生化特性的纳米材料是多功能药物输送平台，可以解决癌症疫苗和免疫治疗面临的这些关键技术挑战。纳米颗粒系统已被证明可以改善针对免疫检查点分子的肿瘤抗原和治疗药物的靶向传递，通过使用新的刺激反应或免疫刺激材料来放大免疫激活，并增强过继细胞治疗的疗效。在这里，我们回顾了基于纳米颗粒的策略旨在加强癌症免疫治疗的最新进展，包括带有亚单位抗原(例如，癌蛋白、突变的新抗原、DNA和mRNA抗原)和全细胞肿瘤抗原的癌症疫苗、基于树突状细胞的疫苗、人工抗原提呈细胞，以及基于免疫原性细胞死亡的免疫治疗、免疫检查点阻断和过继T细胞治疗。
Recent studies have demonstrated great therapeutic potential of educating and unleashing our own immune system for cancer treatment. However, there are still major challenges in cancer immunotherapy, including poor immunogenicity of cancer vaccines, off-target side effects of immunotherapeutics, as well as suboptimal outcomes of adoptive T cell transfer-based therapies. Nanomaterials with defined physico-biochemical properties are versatile drug delivery platforms that may address these key technical challenges facing cancer vaccines and immunotherapy. Nanoparticle systems have been shown to improve targeted delivery of tumor antigens and therapeutics against immune checkpoint molecules, amplify immune activation via the use of new stimuli-responsive or immunostimulatory materials, and augment the efficacy of adoptive cell therapies. Here, we review the current state-of-the-art in nanoparticle-based strategies designed to potentiate cancer immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines with subunit antigens (e.g., oncoproteins, mutated neo-antigens, DNA and mRNA antigens) and whole-cell tumor antigens, dendritic cell-based vaccines, artificial antigen-presenting cells, and immunotherapeutics based on immunogenic cell death, immune checkpoint blockade, and adoptive T-cell therapy.