Thyroid hormone receptor localization in target tissues.
Thyroid hormone receptor localization in target tissues.
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DOI：
10.1530/joe-17-0708
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发表时间：
2018-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Allison LA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anyetei-Anum CS;Roggero VR;Allison LA
甲状腺激素受体，TRα1，TRβ1和其他亚型，是核受体超家族的成员，在许多组织中介导甲状腺激素信号传导的作用，以调节重要的生理和发育过程。它们最充分表征的作用是作为配体依赖性转录因子; TR在存在或不存在甲状腺激素的情况下结合甲状腺激素应答元件以促进靶基因的表达。虽然TRα1和TRβ1主要位于细胞核内，但它们在细胞核和细胞质之间快速穿梭。我们已经在TRα1和TRβ1中鉴定了多个核定位信号和核输出信号，它们分别与输入蛋白和输出蛋白相互作用，介导跨核膜的易位。最近，神秘的细胞质功能已被归因于其他TR亚型，扩大了对甲状腺激素的细胞反应的多样性。通过整合本地化信号基序的数据，这篇综述提供了一个概述TR的动态运输途径和甲状腺激素信号活动之间的复杂相互作用。我们研究了TR亚型对甲状腺激素信号传导的反应的变化，以及目前已知的各种组织特异性定位模式的调节，包括靶向细胞核、细胞核和质膜内表面。
The thyroid hormone receptors, TRα1, TRβ1, and other subtypes, are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that mediate the action of thyroid hormone signaling in numerous tissues to regulate important physiological and developmental processes. Their most well-characterized role is as ligand-dependent transcription factors; TRs bind thyroid hormone response elements in the presence or absence of thyroid hormone to facilitate the expression of target genes. Although primarily residing in the nucleus, TRα1 and TRβ1 shuttle rapidly between the nucleus and cytoplasm. We have identified multiple nuclear localization signals and nuclear export signals within TRα1 and TRβ1 that interact with importins and exportins, respectively, to mediate translocation across the nuclear envelope. More recently, enigmatic cytoplasmic functions have been ascribed to other TR subtypes, expanding the diversity of the cellular response to thyroid hormone. By integrating data on localization signal motifs, this review provides an overview of the complex interplay between TR’s dynamic transport pathways and thyroid hormone signaling activities. We examine the variation in TR subtype response to thyroid hormone signaling, and what is currently known about regulation of the variety of tissue-specific localization patterns, including targeting to the nucleus, the mitochondrion, and the inner surface of the plasma membrane.