Geoengineering of the Climate System
Geoengineering of the Climate System
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气候系统地球工程
DOI：
10.1039/9781782621225-00052
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lenton T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lenton T
本文综述了全球范围内各种去除大气中二氧化碳方法的物理潜力。一个新的分类为植物为基础的，藻类为基础的和碱性的CDR的方法提出。在这些类别中，确定了CDR的关键通量限制资源，并对每种技术可能产生的潜在CO2去除通量进行了定量评估，重点是目前，2050年和2100年。这表明，例如，使用废物营养流来喂养大型藻类以获得具有碳捕获和储存的生物质能源（藻类BECCS），显示出显著的CDR潜力，而不需要植物生物质能源作物的大面积土地或淡水供应。将不同的碳减排方法的潜力加起来，目前的总碳减排潜力为1.5-3 PgC yr 1（每年的Petagram碳），与自然陆地或海洋碳汇的规模相当。其中0.55-0.76 PgC年的潜力已经通过植树造林和无意中的海洋施肥实现。总的碳减排潜力（不包括直接空气捕获）增长到世纪中期为4-9 PgC年1，到世纪末为9-26 PgC年1，与目前10 PgC年1的二氧化碳总排放量相当。在社会、经济和工程限制下可以实现的CDR总是小于物理潜力。尽管如此，如果与减少二氧化碳排放（传统缓解）相结合，CDR具有在本世纪中期帮助稳定大气二氧化碳的物理潜力。
The global physical potential of different methods of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from the atmosphere is reviewed. A new categorisation into plant-based, algal-based and alkalinity-based approaches to CDR is proposed. Within these categories, the key flux-limiting resources for CDR are identified and the potential CO2 removal flux that each technology could generate is quantitatively assessed–with a focus on the present, 2050 and 2100. This reveals, for example, that use of waste nutrient flows to feed macro-algae for biomass energy with carbon capture and storage (algal BECCS), shows significant CDR potential, without needing the large land areas or freshwater supplies of plant biomass energy crops. Adding up the potentials of different CDR methods, the total CDR potential at present is 1.5–3 PgC yrÀ1 (Petagram of carbon per year), comparable in size to either the natural land or ocean carbon sinks. Already 0.55–0.76 PgC yrÀ1 of this potential has been realised through afforestation and inadvertent ocean fertilisation. The total CDR potential (without including direct air capture) grows such that by mid-century it is 4–9 PgC yrÀ1 and by the end of the century it is 9–26 PgC yrÀ1, comparable with current total CO2 emissions of 10 PgC yrÀ1. The CDR that can be realised under social, economic and engineering constraints is always going to be less than the physical potential. Nevertheless, if combined with reducing CO2 emissions (conventional mitigation), CDR has the physical potential to help stabilise atmospheric CO2 by the middle of this century.