Signals and signs in the nervous system: The dynamic anatomy of electrical activity is probably information-rich
Signals and signs in the nervous system: The dynamic anatomy of electrical activity is probably information-rich
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.94.1.1
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发表时间：
1997-01-07
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Bullock, TH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bullock, TH
神经电活动研究的两大分支阻碍了神经电活动研究的进展。研究神经元单位放电活动与细胞群复合场电位之间的相互关系既不流行又具有技术挑战性。这两种相互贬低都是不合理的：尖峰电位对于更高的功能，就像字母表之于莎士比亚，而慢场电位则是无关紧要的副现象。尖峰信号不是神经编码的基础，而是与非尖峰信号编码共存的多种编码的基础。场电位主要是潜在过程的信息丰富的迹象，但有时它们也是相邻细胞的信号，即它们施加影响。本文关注的机会，新的研究与宽带（尖峰和慢波）记录的许多渠道，丰富的时间和三维空间的结构是不同的，在每个尺度上的微观，中，宏观活动。强调我们无知的深度是为了强调发现新原则的机会。我们目前无法估计尖峰和突触通信与突触外分级信号的相对重要性。尽管关于前者的文献占有优势，但我们必须认为后者可能是重要的。我们正处于一个原始的阶段，在复合，局部场，电位和选择适当区分大脑位点，状态的描述符的宽带电压的时间序列（功能），阶段（个体发育，衰老）和分类群这并不奇怪，因为高等物种的大脑肯定是已知的最复杂的系统，它们一定是自然界中最伟大的新发现的宝库，复杂性不应该阻止我们，但一剂谦卑可以刺激想象力的源泉。
The dichotomy between two groups of workers on neuroelectrical activity is retarding progress, To study the interrelations between neuronal unit spike activity and compound field potentials of cell populations is both unfashionable and technically challenging. Neither of the mutual disparagements is justified: that spikes are to higher functions as the alphabet is to Shakespeare and that slow field potentials are irrelevant epiphenomena. Spikes are not the basis of the neural code but of multiple codes that coexist with nonspike codes. Field potentials are mainly information-rich signs of underlying processes, but sometimes they are also signals for neighboring cells, that is, they exert influence, This paper concerns opportunities for new research with many channels of wide-band (spike and slow wave) recording, A wealth of structure in time and three-dimensional space is different at each scale-micro, meso-, and macroactivity. The depth of our ignorance is emphasized to underline the opportunities for uncovering new principles. We cannot currently estimate the relative importance of spikes and synaptic communication vs, extrasynaptic graded signals. In spite of a preponderance of literature on the former, we must consider the latter as probably important. We are in a primitive stage of looking at the time series of wide-band voltages in the compound, local field, potentials and of choosing descriptors that discriminate appropriately among brain loci, states (functions), stages (ontogeny, senescence), and taxa (evolution), This is not surprising, since the brains in higher species are surely the most complex systems known, They must be the greatest reservoir of new discoveries in nature, The complexity should not deter us, but a dose of humility can stimulate the flow of imaginative juices.