When gain is greater than loss: effects of physical activity on insulin sensitivity after short-term inactivity in older subjects.
When gain is greater than loss: effects of physical activity on insulin sensitivity after short-term inactivity in older subjects.
复制标题
当收获大于损失时：老年受试者短期不活动后体力活动对胰岛素敏感性的影响。
DOI：
10.1113/jp277110
复制
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Walsh,LaurenK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Padilla,Jaume;Winn,NathanC;Walsh,LaurenK
缺乏体力活动是许多慢性疾病的诱发因素，也是西方世界死亡的主要原因（Booth等人，2012）。受缺乏身体活动影响最大的慢性疾病是代谢和心血管疾病，流行病学数据以及使用动物和人类实验模型的研究强烈支持这一概念（Booth等人，2012年）。事实上，大量研究数据表明，活动减少会破坏代谢功能。在人类中，一个有吸引力的和高度转化的实验模型，以研究自由生活的身体不活动的后果，由于其模拟现实生活中的场景，通过减少步数减少走动活动。在这个模型中，个体在几天到几周内每天的步数减少50-80%。使用该模型的研究表明，非肥胖健康年轻男性的行走活动减少会降低胰岛素敏感性（Knudsen et al. 2012）。在老年人中，步行活动减少是否会产生类似的代谢效应，以及发生这种效应的机制仍然未知。此外，一个重要但以前未解决的问题是，在老年人中，由短期适度不活动引起的胰岛素抵抗是否可以通过恢复到以前的活动水平来完全挽救。研究老年人短期不活动的代谢影响及其重建正常功能的能力特别重要，因为衰老与使人衰弱的生活事件（疾病，骨科损伤等）的发生率和严重程度有关。严重影响身体活动水平。
Lack of physical activity is an instigator of numerous chronic diseases and a leading cause of mortality in the Western world (Booth et al. 2012). Among the chronic diseases most influenced by physical inactivity are metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, a notion strongly supported by epidemiological data as well as by studies using experimental models in animals and humans (Booth et al. 2012). Indeed, data are pouring out of studies demonstrating that reduced activity disrupts metabolic function. In humans, an attractive and highly translational experimental model to study the ramifications of free-living physical inactivity, due to its simulation of real-life scenarios, is reduced ambulatory activity via step reduction. In this model, individuals are subjected to an 50–80% reduction in daily steps for several days to weeks. Studies using this model have revealed that decreased ambulatory activity reduces insulin sensitivity in non-obese healthy young men (Knudsen et al. 2012). Whether reduced ambulatory activity produces similar metabolic effects in older adults, and the mechanisms by which this occurs, has remained unknown. In addition, an important but previously unaddressed question is whether, in older individuals, insulin resistance caused by short-term modest inactivity can be fully rescued by the return to previous activity levels. Studying the metabolic effects of short-term inactivity in older individuals, and their capacity to re-establish normal function, is particularly relevant because ageing is associated with both greater occurrence and severity of debilitating life events (illness, orthopaedic injuries, etc.) that substantially impinge physical activity levels.