The impact of sleep on novel concept learning
The impact of sleep on novel concept learning
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.nlm.2017.03.008
复制
发表时间：
2017-05-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Wamsley，Erin J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Graveline，Yvette M.;Wamsley，Erin J.
先前的研究表明，睡眠有利于记忆巩固。但是除了记忆保持的作用之外，睡眠还可以促进新信息的重组和灵活使用。在本研究中，我们调查了睡眠对概念知识的影响。参与者将抽象的点图案归类为新的类别，然后对以前看到的点图案和新图案进行测试。Wake组（n = 17）在上午9点训练，继续他们的日常活动，然后在当晚9点进行测试。睡眠组（n = 20）在晚上9点训练，回家睡觉，并在第二天早上9点进行测试。两个立即测试对照组在早晨（n = 18）或晚上（n = 18）训练后立即完成测试。训练后的睡眠导致对所有刺激类型的上级分类，包括在训练期间学习的特定样本，以前没有见过的新模式，以及从中衍生出样本的“原型”模式。然而，在一夜睡眠后，表现并没有明显改善。相反，相对于一天不睡觉的表现下降，睡眠似乎能保持表现。还有其他证据表明，一天中的时间对性能有影响。结合之前的观察，这些数据支持了这样一种观点，即睡眠可能参与了一个重要的过程，在这个过程中，我们从经验中提取共性，以构建我们周围世界的有用心理模型。
Prior research demonstrates that sleep benefits memory consolidation. But beyond its role in memory retention, sleep may also facilitate the reorganization and flexible use of new information. In the present study, we investigated the effect of sleep on conceptual knowledge. Participants classified abstract dot patterns into novel categories, and were later tested on both previously seen dot patterns as well as on new patterns. A Wake group (n = 17) trained at 9 AM, continued with their daily activities, and then tested at 9 PM that evening. A Sleep group (n = 20) trained at 9 PM, went home to sleep, and was tested the following morning at 9 AM. Two Immediate Test control groups completed testing immediately following training in either the morning (n = 18) or evening (n = 18). Post-training sleep led to superior classification of all stimulus types, including the specific exemplars learned during training, novel patterns that had not previously been seen, and “prototype” patterns from which the exemplars were derived. However, performance did not improve significantly above baseline after a night of sleep. Instead, sleep appeared to maintain performance, relative to a performance decline across a day of wakefulness. There was additionally evidence of a time of day effect on performance. Together with prior observations, these data support the notion that sleep may be involved in an important process whereby we extract commonalities from our experiences to construct useful mental models of the world around us.