Tobacco Industry Marketing Exposure and Commercial Tobacco Product Use Disparities among American Indians and Alaska Natives
Tobacco Industry Marketing Exposure and Commercial Tobacco Product Use Disparities among American Indians and Alaska Natives
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DOI：
10.1080/10826084.2019.1664589
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发表时间：
2019-09-20
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Cruz, Tess Boley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Carroll, Dana Mowls;Soto, Claradina;Cruz, Tess Boley
背景：非西班牙裔美国印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民(NH AI/AN)在美国种族/民族中拥有最高的商业烟草使用(CTU)。烟草营销是一个危险因素，但很少有研究在NH AI/AN中对其进行研究。目的：通过与其他人种/民族的比较，确定NH AI/AN人群中烟草行业营销暴露的流行率及其与CTU的相关性。方法：数据来自烟草与健康研究的第一波(2013-2014；N=32,320)，分析自我报告的商店烟草广告、烟草包装展示、直接邮件和电子邮件营销的烟草广告暴露情况。确定了CTU的相关因素，并评估了种族/民族群体与烟草营销之间的互动。结果：NH AI/AN(n=955)接触零售烟草广告(64.5%比59.3%；P<；0.001)、邮件(20.2%比14.3%；P<；0.001)和电子邮件(17.0%比10.6%；P<；0.001)营销的比例高于NH White(n=19,297)。经烟草使用和相关风险因素调整后，NH AI/AN中暴露于电子邮件营销的风险仍然高于NH White。种族/民族之间的互动和CTU上的营销暴露并不显著。在NH AI/AN中，CTU高于NH白人，以及在报告接触烟草广告、邮件和电子邮件营销的成年人中。结论/重要性：NH AI/AN在商店和通过邮件进行烟草营销的风险较高。即使在控制了与烟草相关的风险因素后，电子邮件营销暴露的风险也更高。烟草行业可能通过电子邮件瞄准NH AI/AN，其中包括优惠券和其他营销促销活动。需要与烟草行业直接营销策略相抗衡的与文化相关的战略，以减少这一人群中的差异。
Background: Non-Hispanic American Indians and Alaska Natives (NH AI/AN) have the highest commercial tobacco use (CTU) among U.S. racial/ethnic groups. Tobacco marketing is a risk factor, however few studies examine it among NH AI/AN. Objective: We identified prevalence of tobacco industry marketing exposure and correlates of CTU among NH AI/AN compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Methods: Data were from wave 1 (2013-2014; N = 32,320) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, analyzing self-reported exposure to tobacco ads from stores, tobacco package displays, direct mail and email marketing. Correlates of CTU were identified and interactions between racial/ethnic groups and tobacco marketing were assessed. Results: NH AI/AN (n = 955) had a higher prevalence of exposure to retail tobacco ads (64.5% vs 59.3%; p < 0.05), mail (20.2% vs.14.3%; p < 0.001) and email (17.0% vs.10.6%; p < 0.001) marketing than NH Whites (n = 19,297). Adjusting for tobacco use and related risk factors, exposure to email marketing remained higher among NH AI/AN than NH Whites. Interactions between racial/ethnic groups and marketing exposures on CTU were nonsignificant. CTU was higher among NH AI/AN than NH Whites and among adults who reported exposure to tobacco ads, mail, and email marketing. Conclusions/importance: There is higher tobacco marketing exposure in stores and via mail for NH AI/AN. Email marketing exposure was higher, even after controlling for tobacco-related risk factors. The tobacco industry may be targeting NH AI/AN through emails, which include coupons and other marketing promotions. Culturally relevant strategies that counter-act tobacco industry direct marketing tactics are needed to reduce disparities in this population.