Modified mosquito landing boxes dispensing transfluthrin provide effective protection against Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes under simulated outdoor conditions in a semi-field system
Modified mosquito landing boxes dispensing transfluthrin provide effective protection against Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes under simulated outdoor conditions in a semi-field system
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DOI：
10.1186/s12936-015-0762-8
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发表时间：
2015-06-24
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Moore, Sarah J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andres, Marta;Lorenz, Lena M.;Moore, Sarah J.
背景资料：控制疟疾病媒的努力主要侧重于扩大长效驱虫蚊帐和室内滞留喷洒。虽然这些干预措施对室内叮咬和室内休息的媒介非常有效，但对室外叮咬蚊子的影响较小。需要创新的病媒控制工具来防止户外人与蚊子接触。在这项工作中，潜在的空间驱虫剂，在一个主动的系统，需要最小的用户遵守，提供个人保护对exophagic蚊子活跃在傍晚explored.Methods：以前使用的气味诱饵引诱和杀死装置，蚊子登陆箱（MLB）的设备，进行了修改，以分配挥发性的合成除虫菊酯，四氟菊酯，作为空间驱虫剂。MLB有一个积极的气味分配机制，使用太阳能风扇和开关在黄昏时，提供挥发性化合物的长期分配，而不需要用户记住使用it.Two MLBs位于5米从人类志愿者调查的驱蚊效果的MLBs之间创建的四氟菊酯“泡沫”。四氟菊酯从悬挂在MLB气味分配装置内的聚酯条散发。在一个大的、半野外的、有筛网的笼子中进行完全随机化的交叉设计，以评估驱避剂在室外环境条件下对实验室饲养的阿拉伯按蚊的作用。击倒能力的四氟菊酯处理的条也进行了评估，在不同的时间点，最多3周后浸渍，以测量持续时间的effictiveness.Results：保护四氟菊酯气泡提供了68.9%的保护对安。在这些模拟的户外条件下，阿拉伯蜱叮咬。挥发性四氟苯菊酯造成低死亡率的蚊子在半场系统。transfluthrin处理条继续击倒蚊子在实验室测试中，3周后浸渍，虽然这种效果随着时间的推移而减少。结论：修改MLBs可用作高效和持久的挥发性空间驱虫剂，如transfluthrin分配器，从而提供高水平的保护，防止室外叮咬蚊子在家庭周围的空间。它们在防治室外疟疾传播方面具有潜在的作用，而不干扰长效驱虫蚊帐等有效的室内干预措施。
Background: Efforts to control malaria vectors have primarily focused on scaling-up of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying. Although highly efficient against indoor-biting and indoor-resting vectors, these interventions have lower impact on outdoor-biting mosquitoes. Innovative vector control tools are required to prevent outdoor human-mosquito contacts. In this work, the potential of spatial repellents, delivered in an active system that requires minimal user compliance, to provide personal protection against exophagic mosquitoes active in the early evening was explored.Methods: A device previously used as an odour-baited lure and kill apparatus, the mosquito landing box (MLB), was modified to dispense the volatile synthetic pyrethroid, transfluthrin, as a spatial repellent. The MLB has an active odour-dispensing mechanism that uses a solar-powered fan and switches on at dusk to provide long duration dispensing of volatile compounds without the need for the user to remember to employ it. Two MLBs were located 5 m from a human volunteer to investigate the repellent effects of a transfluthrin 'bubble' created between the MLBs. Transfluthrin was emanated from polyester strips, hanging inside the MLB odour-dispensing unit. A fully randomized cross-over design was performed in a large, semi-field, screened cage to assess the effect of the repellent against laboratory-reared Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes under ambient outdoor conditions. The knock-down capacity of the transfluthrin-treated strips was also evaluated at different time points up to 3 weeks after being impregnated to measure duration of efficacy.Results: The protective transfluthrin bubble provided 68.9% protection against An. arabiensis bites under these simulated outdoor conditions. Volatile transfluthrin caused low mortality among mosquitoes in the semi-field system. Transfluthrin-treated strips continued to knock down mosquitoes in laboratory tests, 3 weeks after impregnation, although this effect diminished with time.Conclusion: Modified MLBs can be used as efficient and long-lasting dispensers of volatile spatial repellents such as transfluthrin, thereby providing high levels of protection against outdoor-biting mosquitoes in the peri-domestic space. They have a potential role in combatting outdoor malaria transmission without interfering with effective indoor interventions such as LLINs.