Restructuring neoliberalism at the World Health Organization
Restructuring neoliberalism at the World Health Organization
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DOI：
10.1080/09692290.2012.690774
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发表时间：
2013-08-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Chorev, Nitsan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chorev, Nitsan
自20世纪80年代以来，大多数关于新自由主义经济政策传播的描述都忽视了国际组织不仅对这些政策的传播，而且对这些政策的制定做出了重大贡献。学术界常常把国际组织看作是被动的传送带，只服从其成员国的要求。承认国际组织的构成作用的学者认为，国际组织是新自由主义计划的热情支持者。然而，也有国际组织反对自上而下的新自由主义改革的情况。本文借鉴世界卫生组织（世卫组织）的经验，表明在适应新兴的新自由主义制度的过程中，国际官僚机构根据自己的机构文化积极改组了这一制度。一些新自由主义的处方被成功地传播了，但另一些则被改造了，结果是全球制度几乎不是铁板一板的，而且包括了国际官僚机构自己引入的元素。在发展这一论点的过程中，本文确定了适应性策略，这些策略允许国际官僚机构（尽管它们容易受到外部力量的影响）将自己的组织议程纳入到因此变得更加异质的全球新自由主义制度中。
Most descriptions of the spread of neoliberal economic policies since the 1980s overlook the significant contribution of international organizations not only to the dissemination of these policies, but also to their making. The scholarship often regards international organizations as passive transmission belts that merely comply with the demands of their member-states. Scholars who do identify the constitutive role of international organizations consider them to be enthusiastic supporters of the neoliberal project. There were cases, however, when international organizations were opposed to neoliberal reforms imposed from above. This paper draws on the experience of the World Health Organization (WHO) to show that in the process of adapting to the emerging neoliberal regime, international bureaucracies actively restructured this regime in accordance with their own institutional cultures. Some neoliberal prescriptions were successfully transmitted, but others were transformed, with the result that the global regime was hardly monolithic and included elements that were introduced by the international bureaucracies themselves. In developing this argument, the paper identifies the adaptive strategies that allow international bureaucracies, in spite of their vulnerability to external forces, to incorporate their own organizational agendas into what has consequently become a more heterogeneous global neoliberal regime.