Patterns of prehistoric boar Sus scrofa domestication, and inter-islands pig trading across the East China Sea, as determined by carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis
Patterns of prehistoric boar Sus scrofa domestication, and inter-islands pig trading across the East China Sea, as determined by carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.01.019
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发表时间：
2005-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
M. Minagawa;A. Matsui;N. Ishiguro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Minagawa;A. Matsui;N. Ishiguro
野猪（Sus scrofa）很可能在驯化的早期阶段就改变了其饮食，从自然资源转向人类准备的产品。猪骨胶原蛋白的稳定碳和氮同位素可能有助于研究这一假设，因为农产品或人类饮食的剩菜可以通过其同位素特征与天然饮食区分开来。从日本列岛和琉球群岛的考古遗址（公元前1700年至7000年）的猪骨进行了碳和氮同位素分析。本州、九州和北海道诸岛的猪骨的δ 13 C和δ 15 N的同位素值范围相同（δ 13 C =−21.0±1.3‰和δ 15 N =4.2±1.1‰），与同一地区的鹿（Cervus nippon）的同位素值范围相似（δ 13 C =−21.5±1.4‰和δ 15 N =4.3±1.0‰），表明它们在自然生态系统中一般是草食动物，主要以C3植物为食。然而，来自琉球群岛的Sus的δ 15 N比率不一致且变化很大，范围为4至12‰，平均值为9.2±1.8‰。δ 13 C（−20.2±1.8‰）无显著差异。可能的环境和行为的原因，这种差异进行了调查，但没有直接的证据，在琉球群岛被发现。我们的结论是，证据表明，在琉球群岛发现的苏遗骸可能是从海外农业区进口到岛屿上的人饲养后活着，然后在岛上自由放养可变的时间后被杀死。
It is likely that Wild boar (Sus scrofa) changed its diet from natural resources towards human-prepared products even in the early stages of domestication. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of boar bone collagen may help investigate this hypothesis, as agricultural products or leftovers of human diets can be distinguished from natural diets by their isotopic signature. Sus bones from archaeological sites (1700 to 7000 years BP) from the Japanese archipelago and the Ryukyu Islands were analyzed for carbon and nitrogen isotopes. Sus bones in Honshu, Kyushu, and Hokkaido islands fell into the same isotopic range (δ13C=−21.0±1.3‰ and δ15N=4.2±1.1‰) and showed a similar range to deer (Cervus nippon) (δ13C=−21.5±1.4‰ and δ15N=4.3±1.0‰) in the same regions, indicating that they were generally herbivores and eating mainly C3plants in a natural ecosystem. However, Sus from Ryukyu Islands showed inconsistent and widely variable δ15N ratios, ranging from 4 to 12‰ with mean values of 9.2±1.8‰. No significant difference was found in δ13C (−20.2±1.8‰). Possible environmental and behavioral reasons for this discrepancy were investigated, but no direct evidence on the point was found in the Ryukyu Islands. We conclude that the evidence that suggests that Sus remains found in the Ryukyu Islands may have been imported alive into the islands from agricultural areas overseas after being raised by humans, and were then killed after free ranging on the islands for variable periods.