Valuation of electric vehicle batteries in vehicle-to-grid and battery-to-grid systems
Valuation of electric vehicle batteries in vehicle-to-grid and battery-to-grid systems
复制标题
车辆到电网和电池到电网系统中电动汽车电池的估值
DOI：
10.1016/j.techfore.2012.06.002
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
12
通讯作者：
S. Spinler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Hein;P. Kleindorfer;S. Spinler
电池是电动汽车（EV）成本的主要组成部分。然而，它们在车辆使用期间的大部分时间都是闲置的，并且当从车辆使用中丢弃时，预计会保留相当大的容量。因此，它们可以在车辆使用寿命期间和之后提供额外的价值，有助于降低其总拥有成本。我们使用一个动态模型来评估三个竞争的方法使用电动汽车电池的电网应用。这些是（1）安装在电动汽车中的电池，也称为车辆到电网（V2G），以及（2）使用和（3）安装在固定储能系统（ESS）中的新电池，我们称之为电池到电网（B2G）。我们发现，没有一种方法是可能实现大规模的预期收入几乎（如果有的话）抵消相应的应用程序所产生的额外成本。
Batteries are responsible for the major share of costs of electric vehicles (EVs). However, they are idle most of the time during vehicle use and expected to retain a significant capacity when discarded from vehicle use. As a result, they may provide an additional value during and after their vehicle life, helping to reduce their total costs of ownership. We use a dynamic model to evaluate three competing approaches of using EV batteries for grid applications. These are (1) batteries installed in EVs, also known as vehicle-to-grid (V2G), as well as (2) used and (3) new batteries installed in stationary energy storage systems (ESS), which we refer to as battery-to-grid (B2G). We find that none of the approaches is likely to be implemented on a large scale as the anticipated revenues barely (if at all) offset the additional costs incurred by the corresponding applications.