MORGAM (an international pooling of cardiovascular cohorts)
MORGAM (an international pooling of cardiovascular cohorts)
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DOI：
10.1093/ije/dyh327
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发表时间：
2005-02-01
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Kuulasmaa, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Evans, A;Salomaa, V;Kuulasmaa, K
近几十年来，人们对欧洲人群缺乏相关的心血管疾病（CVD）评分系统表示不满。最近，随着SCORE的出版，这一缺陷得到了修复，1尽管非致死性事件仍然没有得到照顾。此外，人类基因组的整个序列最近已经公布。2常见的慢性病，如冠心病（CHD）和中风，可能有很强的遗传成分。然而，它们不是由单一的遗传缺陷引起的，而是由许多遗传和环境因素的相互作用引起的。因此，它们通常被称为复杂的多因素疾病。此外，常见遗传变异的生物学效应可能很小;事实上，具有较大生物学效应的变异往往很罕见，例如家族性高胆固醇血症。因此，研究复杂的多因素疾病遗传背景的研究人员应该意识到，他们正在寻找遗传变异之间的相互作用，这些遗传变异的影响很小，最多是中等的。很明显，这些效应的可靠检测需要大样本量和丰富的统计能力，这只能在使用高通量基因分型的大型合作研究中实现。然而，应该强调的是，如果有关遗传变异在人群中很常见，那么中度甚至很小的影响都可能具有相当大的公共卫生意义。人类基因组计划之所以取得巨大成功，是因为几个研究实验室开展了多国合作，并通过互联网公开交流了信息。遗传学的发展为预防和治疗慢性病开辟了新的可能性，但为了利用这一潜力，需要更好地了解遗传变异的意义以及遗传变异与环境因素的相互作用。在世界卫生组织MONICA项目3接近尾声时，人们认识到，对该项目招募的群体进行跟踪调查对于探讨上述两个问题是理想的。这个后续项目是以MORGAM的名义建立的（MONICA，风险，遗传学，遗传学和专著; www. KTL. fi/morgam），现在还包括来自非MONICA中心的队列。该项目最初由欧洲联盟第四框架方案供资。其两个组成部分，即存档和专著，已经完成。这一概况描述了其余两个，风险和遗传学，这两个都是基于前瞻性CVD队列的汇总。对于这些队列的一个子集，DNA是可用的，病例队列设置中的中央整理、准备和基因分型正在顺利进行。自2002年以来，这些活动已成为GenomEUtwin的一个组成部分。双基因组org），这是欧洲基因组学卓越网络，由第五框架计划资助。各中心招募了自己的同伴，并利用自己的资金在当地组织了后续行动。MORGAM正在汇集这些群体，资金专门用于协调、汇集样本和数据、质量评估和控制、DNA的中央制备和实验室分析。对参与中心的支持是通过获得其自己的结果、返还剩余的制备DNA、提供少量补助金以支持数据制备和样品处理以及参加年度研讨会。MORGAM有一名协调员（AE），他还主持MORGAM管理小组，参与该小组的实验室、位于赫尔辛基的芬兰国家公共卫生研究所（KTL）的MORGAM数据中心...
Dissatisfaction has been voiced over recent decades concerning the lack of a relevant cardiovascular disease (CVD) scoring system for European populations. Recently this deficiency has been repaired with the publication of SCORE, 1 although nonfatal events are still not catered for. In addition, the entire sequence of the human genome has recently been published. 2 Common chronic diseases, such as coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, may have a strong genetic component. They are, however, caused not by a single genetic defect but by the interactions of many genetic and environmental factors. Hence, they are often called complex, multifactorial diseases. Moreover, the biological effects of common genetic variants are likely to be small in magnitude; indeed, variants with large biological effects tend to be rare, for example familial hypercholesterolaemia. Investigators examining the genetic background of complex, multifactorial diseases should, therefore, realize that they are looking for interactions between genetic variants with small, or at most moderate, effects. It is obvious that the reliable detection of these effects requires large sample sizes and abundant statistical power, which can be achieved only in a large collaborative study using highthroughput genotyping. It should be emphasized, however, that moderate and even small effects can carry considerable public health significance if the genetic variants in question are common in the population. The remarkable success of the Human Genome Project has been possible only through the multinational collaboration of several research laboratories and the open exchange of information through the Internet. Developments in genetics open up new possibilities for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, but to capitalize on this potential, a better understanding of the significance of genetic variation and the interactions of genetic variants with environmental factors is needed. Towards the end of the WHO MONICA Project3 it was realized that a follow-up of the cohorts recruited by the project would be ideal for exploring both issues mentioned above. This follow-up project was established under the name MORGAM (MONICA, Risk, Genetics, Archiving, and Monograph; www. ktl. fi/morgam) and now also includes cohorts from non-MONICA centres. It was initially funded under the Fourth Framework Programme of the European Union. Two of its components, archiving and monograph, have been completed. This profile describes the remaining two, risk and genetics, both of which are based on the pooling of prospective CVD cohorts. For a subset of these cohorts DNA is available and central collation, preparation and genotyping in a case–cohort setting are well under way. Since 2002, these activities have become a component of GenomEUtwin (www. genomeutwin. org), a Network of Excellence for Genomics in Europe, funded under the Fifth Framework Programme. Centres have recruited their cohorts and organized the follow-up locally using their own funding. MORGAM is pooling these cohorts, and the funding is devoted to co-ordination, pooling of samples and data, quality assessment and control, central preparation of DNA, and laboratory analysis. Support for the participating centres is through access to their own results, the return of surplus prepared DNA, a modest subvention to support data preparation and sample handling, and attendance at an annual workshop. MORGAM has a Coordinator (AE) who also chairs the MORGAM Management Group, on which the participating laboratories, the MORGAM Data Centre at the Finnish National Public Health Institute (KTL) in Helsinki …