Stop the Presses: Dissociating a Selective From a Global Mechanism for Stopping
Stop the Presses: Dissociating a Selective From a Global Mechanism for Stopping
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02216.x
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发表时间：
2008-11-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Verbruggen, Frederick
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aron, Adam R.;Verbruggen, Frederick
一个人如何控制不适当的倾向？许多研究通过测量受试者停止启动反应的速度来研究这个问题。然而，启动反应的快速停止显然是由一种神经认知机制支撑的，这种机制对多种倾向具有全局影响。这限制了这些研究作为认知控制模型的作用，因为它们没有解释日常生活中明显存在的对特定倾向的选择性控制。我们假设受试者采用选择性停止机制时，他们有预知的反应停止，但采用全球停止机制时，他们没有这样的预知。比较先知先觉和无先知先觉的条件下，我们发现，当受试者有先知先觉，停止确实是更有选择性的，证明了较少的影响，同时执行的替代反应;然而，停止也较慢，当受试者有先知先觉。因此，选择性和全局停止机制可以分离。我们认为，当人们保持控制特定反应的目标时，使用选择性机制，而当必须快速停止时，使用全局机制。
How does one control an inappropriate tendency? Many studies have investigated this question by measuring the speed with which subjects stop an initiated response. Yet the rapid stopping of an initiated response is apparently underpinned by a neurocognitive mechanism that has global effects on multiple tendencies. This limits such studies as models of cognitive control because they do not explain the selectivity of control over particular tendencies that is apparent in everyday life. We hypothesized that subjects employ a selective stopping mechanism when they have foreknowledge of which response to stop, but employ a global stopping mechanism when they do not have such foreknowledge. Comparing foreknowledge and no-foreknowledge conditions, we show that when subjects have foreknowledge, stopping is indeed more selective, as evidenced by less of an effect on the concurrent execution of an alternative response; however, stopping is also slower when subjects have foreknowledge. Thus, selective and global mechanisms of stopping can be dissociated. We suggest that the selective mechanism is used when people maintain the goal of controlling particular responses, whereas the global mechanism is used when it is essential to stop quickly.