Understanding Generational Differences in Early Fertility: Proximate and Social Determinants
Understanding Generational Differences in Early Fertility: Proximate and Social Determinants
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DOI：
10.1111/jomf.12506
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发表时间：
2018-10-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Goldberg, Rachel E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goldberg, Rachel E.
目的研究：(1)不同代际间早育风险的差异；(2)观察到的差异在多大程度上反映了性行为发生的时间与性行为发生后的直接决定因素（如避孕措施的使用）；(3)个体、家庭和社区层面社会因素的影响。尽管美国的早期生育率已经下降，但与其他高收入国家相比，它们仍然很高，而且人口群体之间的差距仍然存在。父母是移民的年轻人所占比例已经大大增加，但人们对早期生育率的代际差异知之甚少。方法本研究使用来自全国青少年至成人健康纵向研究（N=8,777名女性）的波1-4数据。为了区分性发病和生育过程，顺序风险框架模型：1)过渡到性活动，2)过渡到第一次生育的妇女已经开始了性活动。结果在国外出生和第二代的年轻女性比在美国出生的女性更晚开始性行为和生育。序贯风险模型揭示了晚性行为在解释外国出生的延迟生育中的重要性，以及家庭属性对他们晚性行为的影响。在第二代中观察到，发病后行为对延迟生育至关重要。结论移民子女早期生育风险较低的近因因素和社会因素存在代际差异。
ObjectiveThis study investigated: (1) differences by generational status in the risk of early childbearing; (2) to what extent observed differences reflected timing of sexual onset versus postonset proximate determinants like contraceptive use; and (3) the influence of individual-, family-, and neighborhood-level social factors.BackgroundAlthough U.S. rates of early fertility have declined, they remain high relative to other high-income countries, and disparities by population group persist. The share of the youth population with immigrant parents has expanded greatly, yet relatively little is known about generational variations in early fertility.MethodThis study used Wave 1-4 data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N=8,777 women). To distinguish between the sexual onset and fertility processes, a sequential hazard framework modelled: 1) the transition to sexual activity, and 2) the transition to first birth among women who had initiated sexual activity.ResultsForeign-born and second-generation young women initiated both sexual activity and childbearing later than those with U.S.-born parents. Sequential hazard models revealed the importance of later sexual onset in explaining delayed fertility among the foreign-born, and of family attributes for their later sexual onset. Postonset behaviors were essential to the delayed childbearing observed among the second generation.ConclusionImportant differences by generational status exist in both the proximate determinants and the social factors underlying children of immigrants' lower risk of early fertility.