Aversive phototaxic suppression: evaluation of a short-term memory assay in Drosophila melanogaster.
Aversive phototaxic suppression: evaluation of a short-term memory assay in Drosophila melanogaster.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1601-183x.2009.00483.x
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发表时间：
2009-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Shaw PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Seugnet L;Suzuki Y;Stidd R;Shaw PJ
果蝇越来越多地被用来模拟与认知缺陷有关的人类状况，包括脆性X综合征、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森氏病、睡眠缺失等。除了极少数例外，已知在这些状况下改变的人类认知能力尚未在果蝇模型中进行评估。一个原因是缺乏一种简单、廉价和可靠的行为测试，可以供不是学习和记忆专家的实验室使用。厌恶趋光抑制(APS)是一种简单的实验，在这种实验中，苍蝇学会避开与厌恶刺激(奎宁/湿度)配对的光线。然而，关于苍蝇行为的变化是否反映了光和奎宁/湿度之间的联系，还是行为的变化是由于习惯化和/或敏化的非联想效应，仍然存在疑问。我们在T-迷宫中评估了敏化和习惯化对行为的潜在影响，并进行了一系列的轭控制实验，以进一步排除非联想影响，并确定这项任务是否评估操作性学习。总之，这些实验表明，苍蝇必须将光与奎宁/湿度联系起来，才能成功完成这项任务。接下来，我们证明了五个经典的记忆突变在这个测试中是有缺陷的。最后，我们评估了与牛磺酸积聚相关的神经退行性疾病的果蝇模型的表现。这些数据表明，APS是一种简单而有效的测试方法，可用于评估与认知缺陷有关的人类状况的苍蝇模型。
Drosophila melanogaster is increasingly being used to model human conditions that are associated with cognitive deficits including fragile-X syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, sleep loss, etc. With few exceptions, cognitive abilities that are known to be modified in these conditions in humans have not been evaluated in fly models. One reason is the absence of a simple, inexpensive and reliable behavioral assay that can be used by laboratories that are not expert in learning and memory. Aversive phototaxic suppression (APS) is a simple assay in which flies learn to avoid light that is pairedwith an aversive stimulus (quinine/humidity). However, questions remain about whether the change in the fly’s behavior reflects learning an association between light and quinine/humidity or whether the change in behavior is because of nonassociative effects of habituation and/or sensitization. We evaluated potential effects of sensitization and habituation on behavior in the T-maze and conducted a series of yoked control experiments to further exclude nonassociative effects and determine whether this task evaluates operant learning. Together these experiments indicate that a fly must associate the light with quinine/humidity to successfully complete the task. Next, we show that five classic memory mutants are deficient in this assay. Finally, we evaluate performance in a fly model of neurodegenerative disorders associated with the accumulation of Tau. These data indicate that APS is a simple and effective assay that can be used to evaluate fly models of human conditions associated with cognitive deficits.