Health professionals migration in emerging market economies: patterns, causes and possible solutions
Health professionals migration in emerging market economies: patterns, causes and possible solutions
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DOI：
10.1093/pubmed/fds087
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发表时间：
2013-03-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Webster, Premila
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nair, Manisha;Webster, Premila
受卫生人力资源短缺影响的国家中约有三分之一是新兴市场经济体。印度和印度尼西亚的绝对短缺最严重，导致卫生系统危机。本文通过文献回顾，采用定性综合的方法，对新兴市场国家卫生工作者的迁移模式、原因和可能的解决方案进行了分析。新兴市场国家卫生专业人员的迁移模式导致了卫生需求和卫生工作者之间的两种差异：（i）国内（农村-城市、公共-私营或政府保健部门-私营部门）和（ii）各国（南到北）。影响移徙的因素包括新兴经济体缺乏就业机会、适当的工作环境和工资、高收入国家因人口结构转型而需求不断增长、有利于移徙工人汇款的国家政策以及新兴经济体的医疗教育体系。会议确定了一系列成功的国家和国际举措，以解决卫生工作人员的移徙问题，控制移徙的措施应针对具体国家，并根据新兴市场国家现有的推动和拉动因素加以设计。
About a third of the countries affected by shortage of human resources for health are the emerging market economies (EMEs). The greatest shortage in absolute terms was found to be in India and Indonesia leading to health system crisis. This review identifies the patterns of migration of health workers, causes and possible solutions in these EMEs.A qualitative synthesis approach based on the ocritical review' and orealist review' approaches to the literature review was used.The patterns of migration of health professionals in the EMEs have led to two types of discrepancies between health needs and healthcare workers: (i) within country (ruralurban, publicprivate or government healthcare sectorprivate sector) and (ii) across countries (south to north). Factors that influence migration include lack of employment opportunities, appropriate work environment and wages in EMEs, growing demand in high-income countries due to demographic transition, favourable country policies for financial remittances by migrant workersand medical education system of EMEs. A range of successful national and international initiatives to address health workforce migration were identified.Measures to control migration should be country specific and designed in accordance with the push and pull factors existing in the EMEs.