An evaluation of agroforestry systems as a rural development option for the Brazilian Amazon
An evaluation of agroforestry systems as a rural development option for the Brazilian Amazon
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1020523107243
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发表时间：
2002-09
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Masaaki Yamada;H. Gholz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Masaaki Yamada;H. Gholz
在巴西的亚马逊地区，过去三十年里，由于一系列的道路建设、采伐和牧场开发，造成了大规模的森林砍伐。牧场主们已经整合了小块的农业土地，迫使农民迁移到森林边缘或城市边缘，这进一步导致了森林砍伐和社会不稳定。为了应对亚马逊森林的这种转变，作者试图在巴西帕拉州确定经济上可行且更可持续的发展替代方案。在那里，当地的日裔农民开发了各种农林系统，其中10至20公顷的田地产生的收入相当于400至1，200公顷的牧场。此外，这种农田比牧场创造了更多的农村就业机会。正在进行的森林向牧场的转化显然不是一个健全的经济决策的产物。改善土地分区和公共政策可能有利于农林业而不是进一步扩大牧场，稳定农村人口，同时有助于保护亚马逊剩余的森林。
In the Brazilian Amazon mass deforestation has resulted from a sequenceof road building, extractive logging, and pasture development during the pastthree decades. Ranchers have consolidated small agricultural holdings, pushingfarmers to move to forest frontiers or urban fringes, prompting furtherdeforestation and social instability. In response to this conversion ofAmazonian forests, the authors sought to identify both economically viable andmore sustainable development alternatives within the Brazilian state ofPará. There, local farmers of Japanese descent have developed a varietyof agroforestry systems in which 10 to 20 hectare (ha) fields yieldincomes comparable to 400 to 1,200 ha pastures. In addition, suchcrop fields generate substantially more rural employment per hathan do pastures. Ongoing forest conversion to pasture is clearly not a productof sound economic decision making. Improved land zoning and public policiescould favor agroforestry over further pasture expansion, stabilizing ruralpopulations while helping to conserve the Amazon's remaining forests.