The Effect of Waterpipe Smoking on Periodontal Health
The Effect of Waterpipe Smoking on Periodontal Health
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DOI：
10.3290/j.ohpd.a32671
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Khabour, Omar F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bibars, Abdel Rahim M.;Obeidat, Suhair R.;Khabour, Omar F.
目的：为了确定水烟对牙周健康的影响。材料和方法：这项研究包括190名参与者被分为四组，吸烟者，水烟吸烟者，双重吸烟者和非吸烟者。口腔内检查包括菌斑指数（PI）、牙龈指数（GI）、牙结石指数（Cl）、牙周袋探诊深度（PPD）、牙周附着水平（CAL）和牙周探诊出血（BOP）。两两比较，吸烟组PPD > 3mm、PPD > 4mm、CAL > 1mm及探诊出血的部位百分率均高于非吸烟组（p < 0.05）。在调整年龄后，吸烟者（OR = 4.6），水管吸烟者（OR = 4.3）和双重吸烟者（OR = 4.9）与非吸烟者相比更容易患牙周病。根据吸烟方法对数据进行分析时，在不同吸烟组之间检测到牙周病的几率没有显著差异（p > 0.05）。结论：考虑到牙周病，水烟吸烟不是一种替代的、安全的吸烟方式。因此，需要采取全球行动，禁止使用水烟筒吸烟。
Purpose: To determine the effect of waterpipe smoking on periodontal health.Materials and Methods: The study included 190 participants who were categorised into four groups; cigarette smokers, waterpipe smokers, dual smokers and nonsmokers. Intraoral examination included plaque (PI), gingival (GI) and calculus (Cl) indices, probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP).Results: The four groups differed significantly in the prevalence and extent of periodontal disease. Pairwise comparison tests showed that the means of percentages of sites with PPD > 3 mm, PPD > 4 mm, CAL > 1 mm and bleeding on probing were significantly higher among smoking groups compared to the nonsmoking group (p < 0.05). After adjusting for age, cigarette smokers (OR = 4.6), waterpipe smokers (OR = 4.3) and dual smokers (OR = 4.9) were significantly more likely to have periodontal disease compared to nonsmokers. When data were analysed according to the smoking method, no significant differences in the odds of periodontal disease were detected between different smoking groups (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Waterpipe tobacco smoking is not an alternative, safe way of smoking considering periodontal disease. Thus, global actions against waterpipe smoking are required.