The development of stereotyping and exclusion
The development of stereotyping and exclusion
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DOI：
10.1002/wcs.66
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发表时间：
2010-07-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Killen, Melanie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mulvey, Kelly Lynn;Hitti, Aline;Killen, Melanie
本文回顾了发展科学文献的刻板印象和排斥，重点是性别，种族和民族。对他人的刻板印象被定义为基于群体成员身份将特征归因于个人，经常被用来证明在社会群体背景下排斥他人是合理的。这一审查包括这两个结构之间的联系的重点。关于刻板印象和排斥的研究借鉴了几种理论传统，包括社会领域理论、社会认同发展理论和主观群体动力学理论，这些理论也在研究结果的背景下进行了讨论。关于定型观念的主要研究结果包括分类和分类与减少组内偏见的关系，以及定型观念在编码信息中的作用。排除的结果包括使用现有的信息，作出判断，偏好组内成员谁是规范和组外成员谁是越轨的，增加的重要性，随着年龄的增长，在排除决策的群体功能，减少负面评价的组内成员谁参与排斥行为。虽然很少有研究明确研究定型观念和排斥群体之间的联系，本文介绍了目前在这两个领域的文献，并提出了未来的研究方向。(C)2010 John Wiley & Sons，Ltd. WIRES Cogn Sci 2010 1 597-606
This article reviews the developmental science literature on stereotyping and exclusion, with a focus on gender, race, and ethnicity. Stereotyping of others, which is defined as the attribution of traits to individuals based on group membership, is often used to justify exclusion of others in social group contexts. This review includes a focus on the links between these two constructs. Research on stereotyping and exclusion has drawn on several theoretical traditions, including social domain theory, social identity developmental theory, and subjective group dynamics theory, which are also discussed in the context of the research findings. Key findings on stereotyping include categorization and classification in relationship with decreased in-group bias, and the role of stereotypes in encoding information. Findings on exclusion include the use of available information to make judgments, preferences for in-group members who are normative and out-group members who are deviant, the increased importance, with age, of group functioning in exclusion decisions, and decreased negative evaluation of in-group members who partake in exclusionary behaviors. Though little research has explicitly studied the links between stereotyping and exclusion from groups, this review describes the current literature in both areas and suggests future directions for research. (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. WIREs Cogn Sci 2010 1 597-606