Impact of the gut microbiota on inflammation, obesity, and metabolic disease.
Impact of the gut microbiota on inflammation, obesity, and metabolic disease.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13073-016-0303-2
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发表时间：
2016-04-20
期刊：
影响因子：
12.3
通讯作者：
Dumas ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boulangé CL;Neves AL;Chilloux J;Nicholson JK;Dumas ME
人类肠道中含有超过100万亿个微生物细胞，这些细胞通过与宿主的共生相互作用在人体代谢调节中发挥重要作用。肠道微生物生态系统的改变与动物和人类代谢和免疫紊乱的增加有关。也已经确定了将肠道微生物群与宿主能量代谢、脂质积累和免疫联系起来的分子相互作用。然而，由于这些病理学的复杂病因学，将肠道微生物群组成的特定变化与人类肥胖和代谢疾病的发展联系起来的确切机制仍然不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了目前的知识之间的肠道微生物群，宿主能量代谢和宿主免疫系统的背景下，肥胖和代谢性疾病的机制相互作用，重点是轴的重要性，连接肠道微生物和宿主代谢炎症。最后，我们讨论了旨在重塑肠道微生物生态系统以调节肥胖和相关病理的治疗方法，以及该领域仍然存在的挑战。
The human gut harbors more than 100 trillion microbial cells, which have an essential role in human metabolic regulation via their symbiotic interactions with the host. Altered gut microbial ecosystems have been associated with increased metabolic and immune disorders in animals and humans. Molecular interactions linking the gut microbiota with host energy metabolism, lipid accumulation, and immunity have also been identified. However, the exact mechanisms that link specific variations in the composition of the gut microbiota with the development of obesity and metabolic diseases in humans remain obscure owing to the complex etiology of these pathologies. In this review, we discuss current knowledge about the mechanistic interactions between the gut microbiota, host energy metabolism, and the host immune system in the context of obesity and metabolic disease, with a focus on the importance of the axis that links gut microbes and host metabolic inflammation. Finally, we discuss therapeutic approaches aimed at reshaping the gut microbial ecosystem to regulate obesity and related pathologies, as well as the challenges that remain in this area.