Nitrogen recycling and nutritional provisioning by Blattabacterium, the cockroach endosymbiont
Nitrogen recycling and nutritional provisioning by Blattabacterium, the cockroach endosymbiont
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0907504106
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发表时间：
2009-11-17
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Moran, Nancy A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sabree, Zakee L.;Kambhampati, Srinivas;Moran, Nancy A.
氮的获取和同化是昆虫在很大程度上由植物材料组成的昆虫。只要有回收机制就位，从废品中回收氮就为这种有限的资源提供了丰富的储备。与大多数陆生昆虫不同，蟑螂在其脂肪体内排泄氮作为尿酸，当饮食氮受到限制时，蟑螂被认为是一种补充剂。大多数蟑螂的脂肪体都居住在blattabacterium的居住下，垂直传播的革兰氏阴性细菌被认为参与尿酸降解，氮同化和营养供应。我们已经完全测序了来自Periplaneta Americana的Blattabacterium基因组。基因组分析证实，Blattabacterium是黄杆菌（杆菌）的成员，其最接近的相对相对是内共生硫酸硫酸硫酸硫磺，在许多SAP喂养昆虫中都发现。代谢重建表明它缺乏可识别的尿液解酶，但它可以使用尿素和谷氨酸脱氢酶从尿素和氨（尿酸降解产物）中回收氮。随后，蓝腹杆菌可以产生来自有限代谢底物调色板的所有必需氨基酸，各种维生素以及其他所需的化合物。古老的与蓝腹菌的关联使蟑螂可以成功地维持在氮饮食上，并利用氮废物，这对于蟑螂物种的生态范围和全球分布至关重要。
Nitrogen acquisition and assimilation is a primary concern of insects feeding on diets largely composed of plant material. Reclaiming nitrogen from waste products provides a rich reserve for this limited resource, provided that recycling mechanisms are in place. Cockroaches, unlike most terrestrial insects, excrete waste nitrogen within their fat bodies as uric acids, postulated to be a supplement when dietary nitrogen is limited. The fat bodies of most cockroaches are inhabited by Blattabacterium, which are vertically transmitted, Gram-negative bacteria that have been hypothesized to participate in uric acid degradation, nitrogen assimilation, and nutrient provisioning. We have sequenced completely the Blattabacterium genome from Periplaneta americana. Genomic analysis confirms that Blattabacterium is a member of the Flavobacteriales (Bacteroidetes), with its closest known relative being the endosymbiont Sulcia muelleri, which is found in many sap-feeding insects. Metabolic reconstruction indicates that it lacks recognizable uricolytic enzymes, but it can recycle nitrogen from urea and ammonia, which are uric acid degradation products, into glutamate, using urease and glutamate dehydrogenase. Subsequently, Blattabacterium can produce all of the essential amino acids, various vitamins, and other required compounds from a limited palette of metabolic substrates. The ancient association with Blattabacterium has allowed cockroaches to subsist successfully on nitrogen-poor diets and to exploit nitrogenous wastes, capabilities that are critical to the ecological range and global distribution of cockroach species.