Plasma and trap-based techniques for science with antimatter
Plasma and trap-based techniques for science with antimatter
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DOI：
10.1063/1.5131273
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发表时间：
2020-03-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Surko, C. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fajans, J.;Surko, C. M.
正电子（即，反电子）在各种各样的应用中找到用途，并且反质子是反氢的形成和研究所必需的。这些反粒子的可用来源相对较弱。为了优化它们的使用，大多数应用需要将反粒子聚集到精心准备的等离子体中。我们提出了一个概述的技术，已开发出有效地积累低能量的反粒子，特别是创建定制的反粒子等离子体。还描述了创建定制的反粒子束的技术。这些技术中的许多是基于首先由非中性等离子体社区开发的方法，该方法使用电子等离子体来提高数据速率。它们使反氢的产生和捕获成为可能，对正电子和正电子素与物质相互作用的研究至关重要，包括表征材料和材料表面的先进技术，并导致了正电子素分子的产生和研究。而不是试图是全面的，我们专注于已被证明是最有用的技术，有重大的应用程序，最近的进展，并为未来的进步有希望的领域。后者的例子包括对反氢和氢的性质进行更精确的比较，使用反氢和正电子素原子进行引力测试，以及创造和研究多电子多正电子系统的相位。
Positrons (i.e., antielectrons) find use in a wide variety of applications, and antiprotons are required for the formation and study of antihydrogen. Available sources of these antiparticles are relatively weak. To optimize their use, most applications require that the antiparticles be accumulated into carefully prepared plasmas. We present an overview of the techniques that have been developed to efficiently accumulate low energy antiparticles and create, in particular, tailored antiparticle plasmas. Techniques are also described to create tailored antiparticle beams. Many of these techniques are based on methods first developed by the nonneutral plasma community using electron plasmas for increased data rate. They have enabled the creation and trapping of antihydrogen, have been critical to studies of positron and positronium interactions with matter, including advanced techniques to characterize materials and material surfaces, and have led to the creation and study of the positronium molecule. Rather than attempting to be comprehensive, we focus on techniques that have proven most useful, applications where there has been significant, recent progress, and areas that hold promise for future advances. Examples of the latter include the ever more precise comparisons of the properties of antihydrogen and hydrogen, tests of gravity using antihydrogen and positronium atoms, and efforts to create and study phases of the many-electron, many-positron system.