Contextual risks, child problem-solving profiles, and socioemotional functioning: Testing the specialization hypothesis.
Contextual risks, child problem-solving profiles, and socioemotional functioning: Testing the specialization hypothesis.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954579421001322
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发表时间：
2023-08
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Davies, Patrick T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Zhi;Sturge-Apple, Melissa L.;Davies, Patrick T.
本研究以进化论观点和专业化假设为指导，采用多方法（行为观察、问卷调查），以人为中心的纵向研究方法，探讨儿童在不同情境下的问题解决能力。参与者是235名幼儿（M年龄= 2.97岁，在第一次测量场合）和他们的父母在两个测量场合间隔一年进行评估。潜在的配置文件分析揭示了四个独特的解决问题的配置文件，捕捉儿童的表现的变化，并观察到参与抽象与奖励导向（RO）的解决问题的任务在第一波。这四个简介包括：（a）高抽象-高RO，（B）高抽象-低RO，（c）低抽象-高RO，和（d）低抽象-低RO类。第一波期间家庭内外的背景风险，包括更大的邻里犯罪，吸毒，并观察到较低的母亲敏感性与儿童从两个配置文件与低抽象问题解决，特别是那些从低抽象-高RO解决问题的配置文件的可能性升高。此外，儿童解决问题的能力与一年后他们的社会情感功能有意义的差异有关。本研究结果具有重要的意义，揭示了异质性的儿童问题解决在不同的背景下，不同的背景风险。此外，本研究还进一步加深了对儿童问题解决能力发展意义的理解。
Guided by the evolutionary perspective and specialization hypothesis, this multi-method (behavioral observation, questionnaire) longitudinal study adopted a person-centered approach to explore children’s problem-solving skills within different contexts. Participants were 235 young children (M age = 2.97 years at the first measurement occasion) and their parents assessed in two measurement occasions spaced one year apart. Latent profile analyses revealed four unique problem-solving profiles, capturing variability in children’s performance, and observed engagement in abstract vs. reward-oriented (RO) problem-solving tasks at wave one. The four profiles included: (a) a high-abstract-high-RO, (b) a high-abstract-low-RO, (c) a low-abstract-high-RO, and (d) a low-abstract-low-RO classes. Contextual risks within and outside families during wave one, including greater neighborhood crime, impoverishment, and observed lower maternal sensitivity were linked to the elevated likelihood for children from the two profiles with low-abstract problem-solving, particularly those from the low-abstract-high-RO problem-solving profile. Furthermore, child problem-solving profiles were linked to meaningful differences in their socioemotional functioning one year later. The present finding has important implications in revealing the heterogeneity in child problem-solving within different contexts that responded differently to contextual risks. In addition, this study advanced the understanding of the developmental implications of child problem-solving capacity.