Combined phylogenetic analysis of a new North American fossil species confirms widespread Eocene distribution for stem rollers (Aves, Coracii)
Combined phylogenetic analysis of a new North American fossil species confirms widespread Eocene distribution for stem rollers (Aves, Coracii)
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00550.x
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发表时间：
2009-11-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Norell, Mark A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clarke, Julia A.;Ksepka, Daniel T.;Norell, Mark A.
我们报道了一个来自北美始新世早期绿河组的茎滚子新种（Aves, Coracii）的几乎完整的骨架。该新种与两个离种谱系，coracidae（滚子）和Brachypteraciidae（地滚子）最密切相关，这两个谱系形成了一个单系的冠枝（coracio总科），仅在旧大陆存在分布。系统发育分析利用了133个形态学特征和三个基因（rag1， c-myc和ND2）的序列数据，确定该新种是Coracii的主干成员，与以前唯一的新世界分类单元Primobucco mcgrewi更接近于冠枝。新物种和mcgrewiprimobucco的系统发育位置表明始新世在北半球广泛分布，随后限制在非洲，马达加斯加，澳大利亚以及欧洲和亚洲的温带至热带地区。这进一步证明了早茎coraci的生态多样性和冠状结构的趋同。这些新物种提供了越来越多的证据，证明现存的主要鸟类亚分支的分布可能是相对较近的起源。需要进一步的晚古近纪采样来阐明鸟类分布转移和北美Coracii消失的潜在驱动因素。(C) 2009伦敦林奈动物学会，林奈动物学会学报，2009,157,586-611。
We report a nearly complete skeleton of a new species of stem roller (Aves, Coracii) from the early Eocene Green River Formation of North America. The new species is most closely related to two species-depauperate lineages, Coraciidae (rollers) and Brachypteraciidae (ground rollers), that form a monophyletic crown clade (Coracioidea) with an exclusively Old World extant distribution. Phylogenetic analysis utilizing a matrix of 133 morphological characters and sequence data from three genes (RAG-1, c-myc, and ND2) identifies the new species as a stem member of the Coracii more closely related to the crown clade than the only previously identified New World taxon, Primobucco mcgrewi. The phylogenetic placement of the new species and Primobucco mcgrewiindicates a widespread northern hemisphere distribution in the Eocene with subsequent restriction to Africa, Madagascar, Australia, and temperate to tropical parts of Europe and Asia. It provides evidence of further ecological diversity in early stem Coracii and convergence on crown morphologies. The new species contributes to mounting evidence that extant distributions for major avian subclades may be of comparatively recent origin. Further late Palaeogene sampling is needed to elucidate potential drivers for shifting avian distributions and disappearance of Coracii from North America. (C) 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 157, 586-611.