Dissipation and heating in solar wind turbulence: from the macro to the micro and back again
Dissipation and heating in solar wind turbulence: from the macro to the micro and back again
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DOI：
10.1098/rsta.2014.0155
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发表时间：
2015-05-13
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Chapman, Sandra C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kiyani, Khurom H.;Osman, Kareem T.;Chapman, Sandra C.
过去十年间，出现了一系列研究活动，重点是辨别高速天体物理等离子体流中动力学尺度湍流的物理原理。所谓“动力学”，我们指的是与离子惯性长度或离子回旋半径处于同一量级，特别是小于它们的空间尺度——在这些空间尺度下，离子和电子的体速度解耦，并且在离子分布函数中可以看到显著变化。大多数这些研究背后的动机是找到等离子体湍流能量级联的最终归宿，从而确定系统中能量耗散的途径。这篇简短的引言阐述了就该主题推出一期特刊的理由，并介绍了太阳风中湍流耗散和加热的主题。该主题特刊涵盖了研究的各个方面：从理论和模型，到对这些模型的大量模拟，以及自太空时代开启以来从众多日球层太空任务收集到的极其丰富和大量的数据所进行的观测研究。文中提供了该主题特刊的概要，讨论了所有投稿的简要描述，以及它们如何相互配合，从而就一般湍流无碰撞等离子体，特别是太阳风中的耗散和加热这一热门主题提供一个全面的图景。
The past decade has seen a flurry of research activity focused on discerning the physics of kinetic scale turbulence in high-speed astrophysical plasma flows. By 'kinetic' we mean spatial scales on the order of or, in particular, smaller than the ion inertial length or the ion gyro-radius-the spatial scales at which the ion and electron bulk velocities decouple and considerable change can be seen in the ion distribution functions. The motivation behind most of these studies is to find the ultimate fate of the energy cascade of plasma turbulence, and thereby the channels by which the energy in the system is dissipated. This brief Introduction motivates the case for a themed issue on this topic and introduces the topic of turbulent dissipation and heating in the solar wind. The theme issue covers the full breadth of studies: from theory and models, massive simulations of these models and observational studies from the highly rich and vast amount of data collected from scores of heliospheric space missions since the dawn of the space age. A synopsis of the theme issue is provided, where a brief description of all the contributions is discussed and how they fit together to provide an over-arching picture on the highly topical subject of dissipation and heating in turbulent collisionless plasmas in general and in the solar wind in particular.