How smoking affects blood pressure
How smoking affects blood pressure
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DOI：
10.3109/08037059609062111
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发表时间：
1996-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Omvik, Per
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Omvik, Per
吸烟的成瘾效应只有一部分人知道，但吸烟的血液动力学效应可能有助于习惯化。人们很早就知道，吸烟时血压和心率会增加。这些影响特别与尼古丁有关，而其他成分--已分离出的1000多种成分--似乎并不重要。血压升高既是由于心输出量的增加，也是由于外周血管总阻力的增加。血压升高立即出现，并在循环儿茶酚胺增加之前发生。在高血压患者中，β受体阻滞剂的降压作用可能会被吸烟部分消除，而阿尔法受体阻滞剂似乎保持了吸烟者的降压效果。在更大的流行病学研究中，吸烟者的血压水平比不吸烟者略低，这是一个悖论，尽管吸烟会显著增加血压。由于戒烟后血压可能升高，戒烟计划不应推迟降压治疗的开始，否则需要此类治疗的患者。
The addictive effects of smoking are only partly known, but it is likely that hemodynamic effects of tobacco smoking may contribute to the habituation. It has since long been known that blood pressure and heart rate increase during smoking. These effects are specifically associated with nicotine while the other components of which more than a thousand have been isolated seem to be of minor importance. The rise in blood pressure is due both to an increase in cardiac output and total peripheral vascular resistance. The blood pressure rise appears immediately and occurs before any increase in circulating catecholamines. In hypertensive patients the blood pressure lowering effect of beta-blockers may be partly abolished by tobacco smoking whereas alpha-receptor blockers seem to maintain the antihypertensive efficacy in smokers. It is a paradox that while smoking acutely increases blood pressure, a slightly lower blood pressure level has been found among smokers than nonsmokers in larger epidemiological studies. Because blood pressure may increase after cessation of smoking, a smoke quitting program should not postpone initiation of antihypertensive treatment in patients otherwise in need of such treatment.