Numerical modeling of the subaerial landslide source of the 22 December 2018 Anak Krakatoa volcanic tsunami, Indonesia
Numerical modeling of the subaerial landslide source of the 22 December 2018 Anak Krakatoa volcanic tsunami, Indonesia
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DOI：
10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.106733
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Wijanarto, Antonius B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heidarzadeh, Mohammad;Ishibe, Takeo;Wijanarto, Antonius B.
2018 年 12 月，阿纳克喀拉喀托火山（印度尼西亚）喷发引发了破坏性海啸，最大上升高度达 13 m，造成 437 人死亡。自从这次罕见的海啸发生以来，如何对这次海啸进行建模并重建沿海观测网络一直是一个挑战。在这里，我们应用海啸的定性物理建模和小波分析以及数值建模相结合来提出源模型。火山侧面塌陷的物理模型表明，最初的海啸波主要涉及纯高程波。我们通过小波分析确定初始海啸周期为 6.3-8.9 分钟，从而得出初始海啸尺寸为 1.8-7.4 公里。对 12 个震源模型进行了数值模拟，震源尺寸为 1.5-4 km，初始海啸振幅为 10-200 m。根据观测和模拟之间的频谱和振幅拟合质量，我们将海啸震源尺寸和初始振幅分别限制在1.5-2.5km和100-150m范围内。我们的最佳震源模型涉及 7.14 x 10(13) -1.05 x 10(14) J 的势能，相当于 6.0-6.1 级地震。最终源模型的幅度与从已发表的经验方程获得的预测一致。
The eruption of the Anak Krakatoa volcano (Indonesia) in December 2018 produced a destructive tsunami with maximum runup of 13 m killing 437 people. Since the occurrence of this rare tsunami, it has been a challenge as how to model this tsunami and to reconstruct the network of coastal observations. Here, we apply a combination of qualitative physical modeling and wavelet analyses of the tsunami as well as numerical modeling to propose a source model. Physical modeling of a volcano flank collapse showed that the initial tsunami wave mostly involves a pure-elevation wave. We identified initial tsunami period of 6.3-8.9 min through Wavelet analysis, leading to an initial tsunami dimension of 1.8-7.4 km. Twelve source models were numerically modelled with source dimensions of 1.5-4 km and initial tsunami amplitudes of 10-200 m. Based on the qualities of spectral and amplitude fits between observations and simulations, we constrained the tsunami source dimension and initial amplitude in the ranges of 1.5-2.5km and 100-150m, respectively. Our best source model involves potential energy of 7.14 x 10(13) -1.05 x 10(14) J equivalent to an earthquake of magnitude 6.0-6.1. The amplitude of the final source model is consistent with the predictions obtained from published empirical equations.