Environmental effects of water resource development and use in the Tarim River basin of northwestern China
Environmental effects of water resource development and use in the Tarim River basin of northwestern China
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DOI：
10.1007/s00254-005-1288-0
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发表时间：
2005-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Xi, HY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Feng, Q;Liu, W;Xi, HY
近50年来，塔里木河流域水资源的无节制开发和利用，导致土壤（1960年代至1990年代沙化土地>12×10(3) km(2)）和水质严重退化（最大盐度从1960年的1.3 g l(-1)上升到1981年的4.0 g l(-1) - 1984 年达到 7.8 g l(-1)，1998 年达到 7.8 g l(-1)。 1950年代至1970年代，河道下游约300公里干涸，严重改变了下游水文过程（1960年代至1980年代地下水位下降4 - 6 m，此后下降0.2 m yr(-1)）和胡杨生态系统（减少67%和50%（1958 - 1978））胡杨林面积和生物量， 分别）。 20世纪50年代至1990年代，塔里木河下游胡杨林3820km 2 、灌木草原200km(2)消失。本研究根据对荒漠化土地土壤有机碳的估算发现，近30年（1970年—2000年），塔里木河流域因土壤退化，约有112Tg的有机碳（其中28%来自0—1.0m土壤剖面）被释放到大气中。强烈的人为干扰是导致该地区水资源恶化的首要因素之一。解决这些问题的关键是提高当地生态系统水资源及相关水土组成部分的监测、管理和恢复的科技水平。
The unbridled development and use of water resources in the Tarim River basin over the last 50 years have led to a serious degradation of soil (> 12 x 10(3) km(2) of land desertified between the 1960s and 1990s) and water quality ( rise in maximum salinity was from 1.3 g l(-1) in 1960, to 4.0 g l(-1) in 1981 - 1984, and to 7.8 g l(-1) in 1998). Approximately 300 km of the lower reaches of the river course dried up between the 1950s and 1970s, seriously altering the downstream hydrological processes ( a 4 - 6 m drop in groundwater levels from the 1960s to the 1980s, and 0.2 m yr(-1) thereafter) and ecosystems ( 67% and 50% decrease ( 1958 - 1978) in Populus euphratica forest acreage and biomass, respectively). Between the 1950s and 1990s, 3820 km 2 of P. euphratica forest and 200 km(2) of shrub- and grassland were lost in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. In this study, based on estimates of soil organic carbon in desertified lands, it has been found that in the last 30 years ( 1970 - 2000), approximately 112 Tg of organic carbon (28% originating in the 0 - 1.0 m soil pro. le) has been released into the atmosphere as a result of soil degradation in the Tarim River basin. Intensive anthropogenic disturbance has been one of the foremost factors leading to the deterioration of water resources in this region. The key to solving these problems is to enhance the scientific and technical level of monitoring, management, and restoration of water resources and associated water and soil components of local ecosystems.