An introduction to biological nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
An introduction to biological nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-185x.2010.00157.x
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发表时间：
2011-05-01
影响因子：
10
通讯作者：
Griffin, Julian L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bothwell, John H. F.;Griffin, Julian L.
核磁共振（NMR）光谱是生物学中最强大的分析技术之一。这篇评论是介绍这种方法的潜力，并针对读者谁很少或没有经验，在获取或分析NMR谱。我们专注于磁共振效应的光谱应用，而不是成像的，并解释如何NMR现象的各个方面使其成为一个通用的工具，以解决一些生物学问题。使用详细的例子，我们讨论了使用1H NMR光谱的混合物分析和代谢组学，使用13 C NMR光谱在跟踪同位素异构体和确定通过代谢途径的通量（“通量组学”）和使用31 P NMR光谱监测ATP生成和细胞内pH值在体内的homeotasis。进一步的例子演示了NMR光谱如何通过测量单个代谢物的扩散和翻滚速率来探测细胞的物理环境，以及如何通过测量分离单个原子的键和距离来确定大分子结构。最后，我们概述了一些关键的挑战，仍然在核磁共振光谱学，我们强调如何最近的进展，如增加磁场强度，低温冷却，微探针和超极化，为今天的生物核磁共振波谱开辟了新的途径。
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the most powerful analytical techniques available to biology. This review is an introduction to the potential of this method and is aimed at readers who have little or no experience in acquiring or analyzing NMR spectra. We focus on spectroscopic applications of the magnetic resonance effect, rather than imaging ones, and explain how various aspects of the NMR phenomenon make it a versatile tool with which to address a number of biological problems. Using detailed examples, we discuss the use of 1H NMR spectroscopy in mixture analysis and metabolomics, the use of 13C NMR spectroscopy in tracking isotopomers and determining the flux through metabolic pathways ('fluxomics') and the use of 31P NMR spectroscopy in monitoring ATP generation and intracellular pH homeotasis in vivo. Further examples demonstrate how NMR spectroscopy can be used to probe the physical environment of a cell by measuring diffusion and the tumbling rates of individual metabolites and how it can determine macromolecular structures by measuring the bonds and distances which separate individual atoms. We finish by outlining some of the key challenges which remain in NMR spectroscopy and we highlight how recent advances-such as increased magnet field strengths, cryogenic cooling, microprobes and hyperpolarisation-are opening new avenues for today's biological NMR spectroscopists.