Statistical review of US macronutrient consumption data, 1965-2011: Americans have been following dietary guidelines, coincident with the rise in obesity
Statistical review of US macronutrient consumption data, 1965-2011: Americans have been following dietary guidelines, coincident with the rise in obesity
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DOI：
10.1016/j.nut.2015.02.007
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发表时间：
2015-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Zhou, Bin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cohen, Evan;Cragg, Michael;Zhou, Bin
背景：近50年来，美国国家健康与营养调查（NHANES）测量了美国人的热量消耗、身高和体重。这项研究的目的是根据这些数据，确定自20世纪60年代以来，美国成年人的宏量营养素消费模式、体重和体重指数是如何演变的。方法：我们对NHANES数据进行了首次全面分析，记录了自20世纪60年代以来美国成年人的宏量营养素消费模式、体重和体重指数是如何演变的。结果：总的来说，美国人一直在遵循美国心脏协会、美国农业部和卫生与公众服务部40多年来发布的营养建议：脂肪的摄入量从45%下降到34%，碳水化合物的摄入量从总热量摄入的39%增加到51%。此外，从1971年到2011年，平均体重和身体质量指数急剧上升，超重或肥胖的美国人的比例从1971年的42%上升到2011年的66%。结论：自1971年以来，常量营养素份额从脂肪到碳水化合物的转变主要是由于碳水化合物绝对消耗量的增加，而不是总脂肪消耗量的变化。普遍坚持减少脂肪摄入的建议与肥胖的大幅增加相一致。(C) 2015爱思唯尔公司版权所有。
Background: For almost 50 y, the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) has measured the caloric consumption, and body heights and weights of Americans. The aim of this study was to determine, based on that data, how macronutrient consumption patterns and the weight and body mass index in the US adult population have evolved since the 1960s.Methods: We conducted the first comprehensive analysis of the NHANES data, documenting how macronutrient consumption patterns and the weight and body mass index in the US adult population have evolved since the 1960s.Results: Americans in general have been following the nutrition advice that the American Heart Association and the US Departments of Agriculture and Health and Human Services have been issuing for more than 40 y: Consumption of fats has dropped from 45% to 34% with a corresponding increase in carbohydrate consumption from 39% to 51% of total caloric intake. In addition, from 1971 to 2011, average weight and body mass index have increased dramatically, with the percentage of overweight or obese Americans increasing from 42% in 1971 to 66% in 2011.Conclusions: Since 1971, the shift in macronutrient share from fat to carbohydrate is primarily due to an increase in absolute consumption of carbohydrate as opposed to a change in total fat consumption. General adherence to recommendations to reduce fat consumption has coincided with a substantial increase in obesity. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.