Microtubule Organization Is Essential for Maintaining Cellular Morphology and Function.
Microtubule Organization Is Essential for Maintaining Cellular Morphology and Function.
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DOI：
10.1155/2022/1623181
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Zuo W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang L;Peng Y;Tao X;Ding X;Li R;Jiang Y;Zuo W
微管（MT）是一种高度动态的聚合物，对于广泛的细胞生理学是必不可少的，例如作为细胞内运输和定位的定向铁路，在细胞分裂期间引导染色体分离，以及控制细胞极性和形态发生。有证据表明，维持神经元中微管（MT）的稳定性对于基本的细胞和发育过程（如神经发育、变性和再生）至关重要。为了实现这些不同的功能，神经系统采用微管相关蛋白（MAP）来控制MT的组织和功能。随后的研究已经确定，神经元中MT功能的破坏是创伤性神经损伤和神经退行性疾病的最普遍和最重要的病理特征之一，并且这种破坏表现为MT聚合的减少和伴随的MT细胞骨架的失调，以及微管相关蛋白（MAP）表达的下调。目前正在开发各种逆转这种病理状况的MT靶向药物，这被认为是干预这些神经系统异常的发生和发展的治疗机会。在这里，我们提供了一个概述的MT内在的组织过程和地图如何与MT细胞骨架相互作用，以促进MT聚合，稳定和捆绑。我们还强调了MT靶向治疗药物应用于各种神经系统疾病的最新进展。总之，这些发现增加了我们目前对MT组织在神经生长和再生中的功能和调节的理解。
Microtubules (MTs) are highly dynamic polymers essential for a wide range of cellular physiologies, such as acting as directional railways for intracellular transport and position, guiding chromosome segregation during cell division, and controlling cell polarity and morphogenesis. Evidence has established that maintaining microtubule (MT) stability in neurons is vital for fundamental cellular and developmental processes, such as neurodevelopment, degeneration, and regeneration. To fulfill these diverse functions, the nervous system employs an arsenal of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to control MT organization and function. Subsequent studies have identified that the disruption of MT function in neurons is one of the most prevalent and important pathological features of traumatic nerve damage and neurodegenerative diseases and that this disruption manifests as a reduction in MT polymerization and concomitant deregulation of the MT cytoskeleton, as well as downregulation of microtubule-associated protein (MAP) expression. A variety of MT-targeting agents that reverse this pathological condition, which is regarded as a therapeutic opportunity to intervene the onset and development of these nervous system abnormalities, is currently under development. Here, we provide an overview of the MT-intrinsic organization process and how MAPs interact with the MT cytoskeleton to promote MT polymerization, stabilization, and bundling. We also highlight recent advances in MT-targeting therapeutic agents applied to various neurological disorders. Together, these findings increase our current understanding of the function and regulation of MT organization in nerve growth and regeneration.