Hawk mimicry in cuckoos and anti-parasitic aggressive behavior of barn swallows in Denmark and China
Hawk mimicry in cuckoos and anti-parasitic aggressive behavior of barn swallows in Denmark and China
复制标题
丹麦和中国杜鹃的鹰拟态和家燕的反寄生攻击行为
DOI：
10.1111/jav.00515
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发表时间：
2015-03-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Moller, Anders Pape
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liang, Wei;Moller, Anders Pape
一窝寄生虫通过攻击和随后的，如果被寄生，通过排斥寄生虫卵或雏鸟来保护它们的巢不受寄生。布谷鸟已经进化出羽毛模仿与趋同的表型鹰鹰是常见的捕食者布谷鸟主机。在这里，我们测试了两个替代假设1）是否谷仓燕子Hirundo rustica已经进化较少的侵略行为对杜鹃在同域区与更丰富的鹰鹰;和2）是否谷仓燕子已经进化更具侵略性的抗寄生虫行为的地区与一个单一的杜鹃物种。我们提出了假人常见的杜鹃Cuculus canorus，雀鹰Accipiter nisus和东方斑鸠Streptopelia orientalis（一个良性的控制）在繁殖过程中的谷仓燕子的巢，同时记录强度的响应和接近谷仓燕子的假人。我们证明了布谷鸟在受到攻击时会离开，而仓燕会更靠近布谷鸟，这表明仓燕的行为在驱赶布谷鸟方面是有效的。尽管雀鹰在丹麦相对更常见，但在丹麦，家燕明显更具攻击性，更接近杜鹃和雀鹰假人。对布谷鸟假人的反应与对雀鹰假人的反应不同，表明仓燕区分了两种不同的危险原因。这些发现是不一致的，对杜鹃假在同域区更丰富的鹰鹰，但一致的替代假设，谷仓燕子已经进化出更具侵略性的行为对杜鹃在一个地区的一个品种的育雏寄生虫，但不是在地区与多个品种的寄生虫，在那里是很难主机告诉的差异。
Hosts of brood parasites defend their nests against parasitism by aggression and subsequently, if parasitized, by rejection of the parasite egg or nestling. Cuckoos have evolved plumage mimicry with convergence towards the phenotype of Accipiter hawks that are common predators of cuckoo hosts. Here we tested two alternative hypotheses 1) whether barn swallows Hirundo rustica have evolved less aggressive behavior towards cuckoos in areas of sympatry with more abundant Accipiter hawks; and 2) whether barn swallows have evolved more aggressive anti-parasite behavior in areas with a single species of cuckoo. We presented dummies of common cuckoo Cuculus canorus , sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus and Oriental turtledove Streptopelia orientalis (a benign control) at the nests of barn swallows during breeding, while recording intensity of response and proximity of barn swallows to the dummy. We demonstrated that cuckoos moved away when attacked aggressively and approached more closely by barn swallows showing that barn swallow behavior was effi cient at driving away cuckoos. Barn swallows were signifi cantly more aggressive and approached cuckoo and sparrowhawk dummies more closely in Denmark than in China, despite sparrowhawks being relatively more common in Denmark. Responses towards cuckoo dummies diff ered from responses towards sparrowhawk dummies, showing that barn swallows distinguished between the two diff erent causes of danger. Th ese fi ndings are inconsistent with a less aggressive response towards cuckoo dummies in areas of sympatry with more abundant Accipiter hawks, but consistent with the alternative hypothesis that barn swallows have evolved more aggressive behavior towards cuckoos in areas with a single species of brood parasite, but not in areas with multiple species of parasites, where it is harder for hosts to tell the diff erence.