Aviation response to a widely dispersed volcanic ash and gas cloud from the August 2008 eruption of Kasatochi, Alaska, USA
Aviation response to a widely dispersed volcanic ash and gas cloud from the August 2008 eruption of Kasatochi, Alaska, USA
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航空对 2008 年 8 月美国阿拉斯加卡萨托奇喷发产生的广泛分布的火山灰和气体云做出的反应
DOI：
10.1029/2010jd013868
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. J. Salinas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Guffanti;D. Schneider;K. Wallace;Tony Hall;Dov Bensimon;L. J. Salinas
2008年Kasatochi火山喷发产生的大量火山云导致太平洋、加拿大和美国航线的航空运营大面积中断。根据美国国家海洋和大气管理局、美国地质调查局、联邦航空管理局和加拿大气象局发布的航空危害预警，航空公司通过修改航线和取消航班，在5天内基本上避开了火山云。将GOES热红外（TIR）数据与臭氧监测仪（OMI）紫外（SO2）数据进行对比，发现在火山灰产生后的2天内，火山云中有一致的火山灰和气体区域。大约2.5天后，OMI检测到的SO2面积比TIR数据显示的灰分面积更大，表明已经发生了明显的灰分脱落。飞行员报告说，在加拿大和美国北部的巡航高度可见的雾霾表明，二氧化硫气体已经转化为硫酸盐气溶胶。由于不确定老化云的潜在危害，航空公司通过在观测到的雾霾层上方、下方或周围飞行来应对。从一架与Kasatochi近3天的云相遇的无害飞机上采集的样本含有火山硅酸盐颗粒，这证实了一些细小的火山灰主要存在于气云中。飞机暴露在火山灰中不足以造成发动机损坏；然而，2002年Reventador火山喷发和2000年Hekla火山喷发造成的轻微破坏表明，与古老和/或弥漫的火山云有关的危险可能挥之不去。
[1] The extensive volcanic cloud from Kasatochi's 2008 eruption caused widespread disruptions to aviation operations along Pacific oceanic, Canadian, and U.S. air routes. Based on aviation hazard warnings issued by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Geological Survey, the Federal Aviation Administration, and Meteorological Service of Canada, air carriers largely avoided the volcanic cloud over a 5 day period by route modifications and flight cancellations. Comparison of time coincident GOES thermal infrared (TIR) data for ash detection with Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) ultraviolet data for SO2 detection shows congruent areas of ash and gas in the volcanic cloud in the 2 days following onset of ash production. After about 2.5 days, the area of SO2 detected by OMI was more extensive than the area of ash indicated by TIR data, indicating significant ash depletion by fall out had occurred. Pilot reports of visible haze at cruise altitudes over Canada and the northern United States suggested that SO2 gas had converted to sulfate aerosols. Uncertain about the hazard potential of the aging cloud, airlines coped by flying over, under, or around the observed haze layer. Samples from a nondamaging aircraft encounter with Kasatochi's nearly 3 day old cloud contained volcanic silicate particles, confirming that some fine ash is present in predominantly gas clouds. The aircraft's exposure to ash was insufficient to cause engine damage; however, slightly damaging encounters with volcanic clouds from eruptions of Reventador in 2002 and Hekla in 2000 indicate the possibility of lingering hazards associated with old and/or diffuse volcanic clouds.