Early relational experience: A foundation for the unfolding dynamics of parent-child socialization.
Early relational experience: A foundation for the unfolding dynamics of parent-child socialization.
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早期关系经验：亲子社会化动态发展的基础。
DOI：
10.1111/cdep.12308
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Goffin,KathrynC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kochanska,Grazyna;Boldt,LeaJ;Goffin,KathrynC
心理学家长期以来一直试图理解为什么亲子二人个体的社会化轨迹可能不同，从而导致适应性或适应不良的发展结果。在本文中，我们通过使用相关性和实验设计以及多种措施，在低风险和高风险家庭的纵向研究中研究早期亲子关系的微妙但持久的影响，阐明了这些差异的根源。这些关系对于社会化至关重要，因为正如社会学习理论所证明的那样，它们可以改变儿童天生的困难气质、父母的消极控制以及消极的儿童结果等连锁反应。我们认为，这些级联效应仅在早期关系缺乏积极的相互关系和安全感的亲子二人组中展开。这种关系为对抗级联奠定了基调。相比之下，早期的相互积极、安全的关系会引发合作、有效的社交，并化解负面连锁反应的风险。父母和孩子对彼此的内心表征可以解释这种不同的后遗症是如何展开的。
Psychologists have long tried to understand why trajectories of socialization in individual parent–child dyads can be distinct, leading to adaptive or maladaptive developmental outcomes. In this article, we elucidate origins of those differences by examining the subtle yet enduring implications of early parent–child relationships in longitudinal studies of low‐ and high‐risk families, using correlational and experimental designs, and multiple measures. Those relationships are key for socialization because they can alter cascades from children's biologically based difficult temperament to parents' negative control to negative children's outcomes, as demonstrated by social‐learning theories. We suggest that those cascades unfold only in parent–child dyads whose early relationships lack positive mutuality and security. Such relationships set the tone for adversarial cascades. In contrast, early mutually positive, secure relationships initiate cooperative, effective socialization and defuse risks of negative cascades. Parents' and children's internal representations of each other may explain how such divergent sequelae unfold.