Viewpoint: Induced Innovation in Fisheries and Aquaculture
Viewpoint: Induced Innovation in Fisheries and Aquaculture
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DOI：
10.1016/j.foodpol.2018.02.002
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发表时间：
2018-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
Smith, Martin D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Asche, Frank;Smith, Martin D.
一些古典经济学家，最著名的是马尔萨斯，预测稀缺将破坏人类的长期福祉。相反，约翰·斯图尔特·穆勒预测，稀缺的威胁会激励创新，从而有助于避免一些最糟糕的结果。海洋生态学家的流行说法经常将马尔萨斯叙述应用于海鲜供应，但全球供应仍在继续增长。我们研究了现代海产品行业，并评估了穆勒关于创新的主张。我们认为，穆勒讨论的机制，创新，以回应和预期的稀缺性，占我们所看到的。稀缺性引发了技术、政策和市场创新，使海产品供应得以增长，而这些创新可以相互借鉴。政策制定者面临的挑战是避免对马尔萨斯的叙述作出下意识的反应，制定鼓励创新的政策反应，同时认识到海洋资源的物理限制。
Some classical economists, most notably Malthus, predicted that scarcity would undermine long-term human well-being. John Stuart Mill, in contrast, predicted that the threat of scarcity creates incentives for innovation that help to avoid some of the worst outcomes. Popular claims of marine ecologists often apply the Malthusian narrative to supplies of seafood, yet global supplies have continued to grow. We examine the modern seafood industry and evaluate Mill's claims about innovation. We argue that the mechanisms that Mill discusses-innovation in response to and in anticipation of scarcity-account for much of what we see. Scarcities induce technological, policy, and market innovations that enable seafood supplies to grow, and these innovations can build on each other. The challenge for policy makers is to avoid knee-jerk responses to Malthusian narratives and craft policy responses that encourage innovation while recognizing physical limits of ocean resources.