Resilience and social capital: The engagement of fisheries communities in marine spatial planning
Resilience and social capital: The engagement of fisheries communities in marine spatial planning
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DOI：
10.1016/j.marpol.2018.09.032
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
van Tatenhove, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bakker, Y. W.;de Koning, J.;van Tatenhove, J.
2010年至2016年，奥克尼群岛委员会、高地委员会和苏格兰海洋委员会合作，为苏格兰的Pentland Firth和奥克尼水域制定了一项试点海洋空间计划。本文探讨了海洋空间规划过程中的挑战，探讨了渔业社区以纽带、桥梁或联系的形式调动其社会资本的可能性，以便在这些过程中重新定位并赋予自己权力。本文旨在揭示部署社会资本以影响MSP过程并维护自身利益的地方社区的弹性。本文在苏格兰奥克尼群岛进行了为期十周的定性实地调查，与试点海洋空间计划的利益相关者进行了深入访谈和参与观察。奥克尼岛渔民之间强大的社会资本纽带形成了一种有弹性的社区认同，允许合作和自我组织，但也产生了一种不赞成联系的防御心态。此外，对政府当局缺乏信任阻碍了渔民之间调动联系社会资本，阻碍了通过交叉联系获得权力的能力。作为回应，渔业社区利用治理领域之外的过渡性社会资本进入网络并调动资源，以加强其社会经济和政治地位，支持未来连接社会资本。研究这种复杂的相互关系和社会资本的功能，揭示了渔业参与海洋空间规划和权力的一些社会层面和社会制度限制。
Between 2010 and 2016, the Orkney Islands Council, Highland Council and Marine Scotland have collaborated to develop a pilot Marine Spatial Plan for the Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters in Scotland. This paper explores the challenges of marine spatial planning processes by looking at the possibilities for fisheries communities to mobilize their social capital in the form of bonding, bridging or linking in order to re-position and to empower themselves in these processes. This paper aims to uncover the resilience of local communities that deploy social capital in order to influence MSP processes and safeguard their own interests. For this article ten weeks of qualitative fieldwork in the form of in-depth interviews and participant observation with stakeholders of the pilot marine spatial plan were conducted on the Orkney Islands in Scotland. The strong bonding social capital among fishermen in Orkney has resulted in a resilient community identity which allows for collaboration and self-organization, but also creates a defensive mentality which does not favor linking. Furthermore, a lack of trust in governmental authorities inhibits the mobilization of linking social capital among fishermen, obstructing the ability to access power through cross-srale connections. In response the fisheries community uses bridging social capital outside governance arenas to access networks and mobilise resources to strengthen its socio-economic and political position in support of future linking social capital. Researching this complex interrelation and functioning of social capital uncovers some of the social dimensions and socio-institutional constraints for fisheries engagement with and power in marine spatial planning.