Associations between driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, speeding and seatbelt use among fatally injured car drivers in Norway
Associations between driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, speeding and seatbelt use among fatally injured car drivers in Norway
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aap.2014.12.025
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发表时间：
2015-05-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Gjerde, Hallvard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bogstrand, Stig Tore;Larsson, Magnus;Gjerde, Hallvard
自2005年以来，挪威公共道路管理局（NPRA）组织的多学科调查小组对挪威所有致命的道路交通事故进行了深入分析。2005-2010年期间，有608名汽车或货车司机在道路交通事故中丧生。从372名（61%）司机身上采集了血液样本，并在挪威公共卫生研究所（NIPH）分析了酒精和大量精神药物。在将分析结果与NPRA碰撞数据库相结合后，确定并包括了369名具有致命结果的驾驶员。在接受酒精或药物损害调查的司机中，39.8%的人血液中酒精或药物浓度高于法律的限制; 33.9%的人血液中酒精浓度高于0.5 g/L或药物浓度高于挪威法律的损害限制或安非他明浓度高于200 μ g/L。在因酒精或药物而导致死亡的司机中，64.6%的司机在事故发生时未系安全带，71.7%的司机超速行驶;而清醒的司机中，分别有24.2%和33.2%的司机未系安全带或超速行驶。在酒精或安非他明造成的损害与未系安全带或超速驾驶之间发现了统计学上的显著关联。超速是道路交通事故的主要原因之一，与未系安全带一起是致命结果的主要原因。在许多情况下，这种行为可能是由于酒精或药物使用导致的风险增加或安全措施的疏忽。(C)2015爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Since 2005, all fatal road traffic crashes in Norway have been analyzed in-depth by multidisciplinary investigation teams organized by the Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA). During the period 2005-2010, 608 drivers of cars or vans were killed in road traffic crashes. Blood samples were collected from 372 (61%) of the drivers and analyzed for alcohol and a large number of psychoactive drugs at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH). After coupling the analytical results with the NPRA crash database, 369 drivers with a fatal outcome were identified and included. Alcohol or drug concentrations in blood above the legal limits were found in 39.8% of the drivers who were investigated for alcohol or drug impairment; 33.9% had blood alcohol concentrations above 0.5 g/L or concentrations of drugs above the equivalent Norwegian legal impairment limits or concentrations of amphetamines above 200 mu g/L. Among drivers with a fatal outcome who had been impaired by alcohol or drugs, 64.6% were unbelted and 71.7% were speeding when the crash occurred; whereas 24.2% and 33.2% of the sober drivers were unbelted or speeding, respectively. Statistically significant associations were found between impairment by alcohol or amphetamines and driving unbelted or speeding. Excessive speeding is one of the main reasons for road traffic crashes and together with being unbelted the main reasons for a fatal outcome. This behavior might in many cases be due to increased risk-taking or negligence of safety measures as a result of alcohol or drug use. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.