EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSE TO GLOBAL CLIMATIC-CHANGE
EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSE TO GLOBAL CLIMATIC-CHANGE
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DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088209
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发表时间：
1991-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
MCNEILLY, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BRADSHAW, AD;MCNEILLY, T
从与气候有关的短期和长期进化变化的现有证据来看，必须得出这样的结论：这种进化变化是可能发生的。与此同时，有明确的证据表明，即使环境条件和选择条件是适当的，这种进化变化也不一定会发生。在这种进化确实发生的地方，所发生的事情似乎有明确的限制。类似的证据也出现在人工选择的情况下。这种解释似乎是，所有的进化都取决于适当变异的发生，而由于各种原因，这并不总是存在于自然种群中。这张照片证实了与过去的气候变化有关的物种分布变化的历史证据的检查。一般来说，从进化的角度来看，物种的行为是保守的，对气候变化的反应不是通过进化，而是通过迁徙。虽然可能发生与气候变化有关的某些演变，但我们不能因此就假定，它对未来气候变化的影响力是无限的。因此，由于物种的自然迁徙现在受到很大的限制，除非我们采取特别措施，人为地将整个物种群从一个地理区域转移到另一个地理区域，否则我们应该预料到相当数量的迁移。
From existing evidence for short-and long-term evolutionary change in relation to climate, it must be concluded that such evolutionary change can take place. At the same time there is clear evidence that such evolutionary change does not necessarily take place, even if the environmental conditions, and therefore the conditions for selection, are appropriate. Where such evolution does occur there appear to be definite limits to what takes place. Similar evidence is forthcoming from situations where artificial selection has been applied. The explanation appears to be that all evolution depends on the occurrence of appropriate variability, and that for various reasons this is not always present in natural populations. This picture is confirmed by an examination of the historic evidence for changes in species distribution in relation to past climatic changes. Generally species have behaved, from an evolutionary point of view, in a conservative manner, and have responded to climatic change not by evolution, but by migration. Although some evolution in relation to climatic change may take place, we must not therefore presume that its power will be unlimited in relation to future climatic change. As a result, and because the natural migration of species is now very restricted, we should expect considerable numbers of extinctions, unless we take special steps to transfer artificially whole groups of species from one geographic region to another.