Cultural spaces of climate
Cultural spaces of climate
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DOI：
10.1007/s10584-012-0416-6
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发表时间：
2012-02
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
G. Endfield;C. Morris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Endfield;C. Morris
气候变化已成为21世纪之初的一个主要环境问题。政治和媒体关注气候变化的可能影响，然而，主要的科学话语，这是表达，越来越全球化的气候思维，掩盖了气候的文化特定的和空间和时间上的独特意义更普遍（罗斯1991年;休姆2008年a，B）。气候及其文化意义实际上已经脱钩，关于气候及其通过当地天气表现的流行概念化和论述已经被全球性的、主要是科学的元叙事所取代。此外，当代关于“迫在眉睫”的气候威胁的争论掩盖了公众参与气象科学和改变气候观念的漫长而复杂的历史。在历史的不同时期，气候有着不同的意识形态和象征意义，为了更好地理解这些独特的含义，有人认为有必要重新引入特殊性的辩论（Hulme 2009）。例如，最近的地理学研究呼吁将气候的“观念”视为一种“混合现象”，这种现象可以而且应该不仅通过使用气象统计数据，而且通过“感官体验、心理同化、社会学习和文化解释“，（Hulme et al. 2009：197），而有必要了解不同空间背景下的不同人群如何概念化和理解气候及其波动（哈桑2000; Adger 2003）。这样的工作将调查气候（和天气）作为个人记忆、经验和“气候知识”代际传递的函数（Hulme 2009：330），根据定义，需要比全球视角更亲密的空间分辨率。各种出版物已开始关注对天气态度的文化历史（Jankovic 2001; Golinski 2007; Boia 2005;安德森2005），人类在一系列时间和空间尺度上理解气候概念的无数方式（Fleming et al. 2006），以及气候变化辩论的谱系（Fleming 1998）。这些方法显示了空间、时间和文化的重要性，
Climate change has become a dominant environmental narrative at the start of the twenty first century. The political and media focus on the possible implications of climate change, however, the predominantly scientific discourse in which this is couched, and the increasingly globalscale of climate thinking, have obscured the culturally specific and spatially and temporally distinctive meanings of climate more generally (Ross 1991; Hulme 2008a, b). Climate and its cultural significance have, in effect, become decoupled, and popular conceptualisations and discourses of climate, and its manifestations through local weather, have been replaced by a global, and predominantly scientific, meta-narrative. Moreover, contemporary debates over the ‘imminent’climate threat obscure a long, complicated history of public engagement in meteorological science and changing ideas about climate. There have been different ideological and symbolic constructions of climate at different points in history and in order to better understand these distinctive meanings, it has been argued that there is a need to reintroduce particularity to the debate (Hulme 2009). Recent geographical scholarship, for example, has called for research that considers the ‘idea’of climate as a “hybrid phenomenon” which can and should be constructed, not only through the use of meteorological statistics but also “inside the imagination”, through “sensory experiences, mental assimilation, social learning and cultural interpretations”(Hulme et al. 2009: 197), while there is a need to understanding of how different groups of people in different spatial contexts conceptualise and understand climate and its fluctuations (Hassan 2000; Adger 2003). Such work would investigate climate (and weather) as a function of personal memory, experience and intergenerational transfer of ‘climate knowledge’(Hulme 2009: 330), and by definition, demands a more intimate spatial resolution than global perspectives can offer.Various publications have begun to focus on cultural histories of attitudes toward the weather (Jankovic 2001: Golinski 2007; Boia 2005; Anderson 2005), the myriad ways in which humans have understood the idea of climate across a range of temporal and spatial scales (Fleming et al. 2006), and the genealogy of climate change debates (Fleming 1998). Such approaches are demonstrating the importance of spatially, temporally and culturally