Prefabrication and barriers to entry - a case study of public housing and institutional buildings in Hong Kong
Prefabrication and barriers to entry - a case study of public housing and institutional buildings in Hong Kong
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.habitatint.2004.12.004
复制
发表时间：
2006-09-01
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Lok, Lawrence Ka-Leung
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chiang, Yat-Hung;Chan, Edwin Hon-Wan;Lok, Lawrence Ka-Leung
香港房屋委员会每年提供约30，000个资助住宅单位。该公司是香港唯一一家在公共房屋建筑中要求预制构件的主要客户，这项政策始于1980年代中期。最近，政府已开始推广预制装配作为一项一般原则，以提高可建造性，提高质量和效率，并减少建筑废物。然而，对1988年至2002年公开招标结果的分析表明，这一住房部门的市场竞争力似乎低于其他机构建筑部门。前者主要包括兴建大型住宅屋，以及附属的商业中心和停车场;而后者则是为非住宅用途而兴建的建筑物，例如学校和警署，但偶尔亦会为纪律部队兴建宿舍。在这15年期间，每年的公营房屋合约总值中，只有38%至74%由3间承建商承办。与此同时，在机构建设部门，这一比例在24%至61%之间。这引起了人们的关注，即预制要求可能会提高市场进入壁垒，并可能提高建筑成本。本研究通过测量和比较公共住房和机构建筑行业的Herfinndahl-Hershamann指数（HHI）来解决竞争问题。然后对合同价值的各种衡量标准和代表公共住房或机构建筑部门的虚拟变量进行HHI回归分析。分析表明，预制，其他条件相同，是不相关的HHI。我们的结论是，预制要求本身似乎并没有提高进入预制房屋建设的门槛。(c)2005爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
The Housing Authority in Hong Kong provides around 30,000 subsidized residential units per annum. It is the only major client in Hong Kong requiring prefabrication in its public housing construction, a policy which began in the mid-1980s. Recently, the government has started to promote prefabrication as a general principle to improve buildability, to increase quality and efficiency as well as to reduce construction wastes. However, an analysis of public tender results between 1988 and 2002 shows that the market appears to be less competitive in this housing sector than the other institutional building sector. The former mainly consists of the construction of large residential housing estates with their auxiliary commercial centres and car parks, whilst the latter are non-residential purpose-built structures such as schools and police stations, though occasionally residential quarters are constructed for the disciplinary forces. During this 15-year period, between 38% and 74% of the total annual public housing contracts, by value, were undertaken by only three contractors. Meanwhile in the institutional building sector, the range was between 24 and 61%. This raises the concern that the prefabrication requirement might have raised the market entry barriers, and probably construction costs as well. This study addressed the competition issue by measuring and comparing the Herfinndahl-Hershamann indices (HHI) of the public housing and the institutional building sectors. Regression analyses of the HHIs were then performed on various measures of contract values and a dummy variable representing the public housing or the institutional building sector. The analyses show that prefabrication, ceteris paribus, is not related to HHI. We conclude that the prefabrication requirement by itself does not seem to have raised the barriers to entry to prefabricated housing construction. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.